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This book contains twelve chapters by leading and up-and-coming philosophers on metaepistemology, that is, on the nature, existence and authority of epistemic facts. One of the central divides in metaepistemology is between epistemic realists and epistemic anti-realists. Epistemic realists think that epistemic facts (such as the fact that you ought to believe what your evidence supports) exist independently of human judgements and practices, and that they have authority over our judgements and practices. Epistemic anti-realists think that, if epistemic facts exist at all, they are grounded in human judgements and practices, and gain any authority they have from our judgements and practices. This book considers both epistemic realist and anti-realist perspectives, as well as perspectives that “transcend” the realism/anti-realism dichotomy. As such, it constitutes the “state of the art” with regard to metaepistemology, and will shape the debate in years to come.

Knowledge, Theory of. --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Genetic epistemology. --- Ontology. --- Epistemology. --- Being --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of

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This book examines the so-called hiddenness argument of the Canadian philosopher John L. Schellenberg. The hiddenness of God is a topic evincing a rich tradition in the monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Rather recently, an argument emerged claiming that the hiddenness of God reveals on closer inspection the non-existence of God. Some say that Schellenberg´s hiddenness argument is likely as forceful as the argument from evil rendering theism rather implausible or even false. In this book, an account of the traditional theistic notion of divine hiddenness is presented, which contrasts sharply from Schellenberg´s use of the term. Moreover, a well-needed detailed exposition of the premises of the hiddenness argument is offered, thereby preparing the ground for an even more in-depth future hiddenness debate. Furthermore, a reply to the argument is given which challenges the truth of one specific subpremise, according to which belief that God exists is necessary in order to personally relate to God. Even though a plausible case is made that the hiddenness argument is unsound, it is beyond dispute that the argument deserves more serious reflection by theists and atheists alike. .

Philosophy. --- Genetic epistemology. --- Ontology. --- Philosophy of Religion. --- Epistemology. --- Being --- Philosophy --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Religion—Philosophy. --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Psychology

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In this first volume of The Sylvan Jungle, the editors present a scholarly edition of the first chapter, "Exploring Meinong's Jungle," of Richard Routley's 1000-plus page book, Exploring Meinong's Jungle and Beyond. Going against the Quinean orthodoxy, Routley’s aim was to support Meinong’s idea that we can truthfully refer to non-existent and even impossible objects, like Superman, unicorns and the (infamous) round-square cupola on Berkeley College. The tools of non-classical logic at Routley’s disposal enabled him to update Meinong’s project for a new generation. This volume begins with an Introduction from Dominic Hyde, “The ‘Jungle Book’ in Context,” an essay that situates Exploring Meinong’s Jungle and Beyond historically. We provide the original Preface by Routley, followed by Chapter 1: “Exploring Meinong’s Jungle and Beyond.” In Chapter 2, Nicholas Griffin argues that Sylvan’s project was insufficiently radical with his essay, “Why the Original Theory of Items Didn’t (Quite) Go Far Enough.” Sylvan revisits his position from this time in Chapter 3, with his article, “Re-Exploring Item-Theory.” Filippo Casati, who has worked in the Routley Archives then takes up the question of the future of Sylvan’s research program in his essay, “The Future Perfect of Exploring Meinong’s Jungle.” Iconic and iconoclastic Australian philosopher Richard Routley (né Sylvan) published Exploring Meinong’s Jungle and Beyond in 1980. This work has fallen out of print, yet without great fanfare it has influenced two generations of philosophers and logicians.

Sylvan, Richard. --- Routley, Richard --- Routley, R. --- Routley, Francis Richard --- Genetic epistemology. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Logic. --- Epistemology. --- Mathematical Logic and Foundations. --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Methodology --- Mathematical logic. --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Ontology --- Logic --- Logic, symbolic and mathematical --- Genetic epistemology --- Meinong, Alexius, - 1853-1920

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To commemorate the 50th anniversary of his passing (in 2014), this special book features studies on Alexandre Koyré (1892–1964), one of the most influential historians of science of the 20th century, who re-evaluated prevalent thinking on the history and philosophy of science. In particular, it explores Koyré’s intellectual matrix and heritage within interdisciplinary fields of historical, epistemological and philosophical scientific thought. Koyré is rightly noted as both a versatile historian on the birth and development of modern science and for his interest in philosophical questions on the nature of scientific knowledge. In the 1940s and 1950s his activities in the United States established a crucial bridge between the European historical tradition of science studies and the American academic environments, and an entire generation of historians of science grew up under his direct influence. The book brings together contributions from leading experts in the field, and offers much-needed insights into the subject from historical, nature of science, and philosophical perspectives. It provides an absorbing and revealing read for historians, philosophers and scientists alike.

History --- Science --- Hypothesis. --- Philosophy. --- History. --- Genetic epistemology. --- History of Science. --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy and science. --- Science and philosophy --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology

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How do transnational communities of scientists emerge and evolve, and how does scientific cooperation interact with social and political integration in Europe? This collection assembles a wide array of analyses from philosophy and sociology of science and the social sciences tackling these questions from various perspectives. The contributions from philosophy investigate the foundations of social epistemology, and the features and development of significant transnational research communities in the natural sciences, while those from sociology and political science examine the various forms of interaction between transborder scientific and other expert activities and broader social and political integration. They are united by advancing our understanding of the complex network of transnational intellectual discourses, identities, interests, and integration in Europe. Contents Discoveries of oxygen and the «Chemical Revolution» in the context of European scientific networks. – From interaction to integration? Transnational scientific communities in biology. – Science and the manufacture of a political order: A sociological study of the European manned space programme. – European research programmes: Spaces of knowledge or economic tool? – Expert communities and security: Neofunctional integration in European policing practices. – An epistemic-consequentialist social epistemology as an epistemological perspective concerning the investigation of a common, European knowledge community   Target Groups Lecturers and students of natural and social sciences and philosophy Practitioners in science promotion and science management The Editors Dr. Bertold Schweitzer is Lecturer in Politics and Philosophy at the University of Dundee. Dr. Thomas Sukopp is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy/Didactics of Philosophy at the University of Siegen.

Communication in science --- Science --- Genetic epistemology. --- Research-Moral and ethical aspec. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Epistemology. --- Research Ethics. --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy and science. --- Research—Moral and ethical aspects. --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science and philosophy