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What motivated the early Islamic conquests ? Did the Arabs fight for Allah, or for wealth and dominance ? Were the conquerors principally Arabs, or specifically Muslims ? Were the Muslim believers motivated by religious zeal to proclaim Islam to the non-Muslims ? Consequently, was Islam spread by the sword ? This is a question that has crucial implications today.The Stated Motivations for the Early Islamic Expansion (622–641) extensively analyzes the earliest Arabic Muslim sources to answer these and other questions. It relies on over 400 works, including primary sources written by more than 90 medieval Muslim authors, Sunni, Shiite, Sufi, and Mu’tazilite. It explores how medieval Muslim writers represented the early Arab leaders, and how much we can trust their reports. It concludes with an examination of the Qur’ān’s commands regarding fighting and armed jihad, and questions what later commentators suggest about fighting the non-Muslims, specifically how radical Muslim interpretations match or violate Islam’s sacred scripture.This is the first scholarly analysis to focus on the stated motivations for the early Islamic expansion in the first two decades of Islam. It is a valuable resource for courses on Muslim history, introduction to Islam, Islamic origins and texts, classical and modern Islamic thought, Muhammad’s biography, Islamic Caliphates, Muslim-Christian relations, Jews in the Muslim world, Middle Eastern history, and world history. In the age of ISIS, Qaeda, and Boko Haram, this book reflects on how historiographical accounts can inform today’s multi-cultural and multi-religious societies on complex relations, mutual respect, and religious coexistence

Islam --- Jihad --- History --- Muḥammad, --- Military leadership. --- Islamic Empire --- History, Military. --- 297 <09> --- Holy war (Islam) --- Islamic holy war --- Jahad --- Jehad --- Muslim holy war --- War (Islamic law) --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- 297 <09> Islamisme. Mahométisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- 297 <09> Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- Islamisme. Mahométisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van ... --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van .. --- Mahomed, --- Maḥmūd, --- Mahomet, --- Mohammed, --- Magomet, --- Mu-han-mo-te, --- Nabi Muhammad, --- Mukhammed, --- Maometto, --- Mahometto, --- Mohammad, --- Mahoma, --- Muḥamad, --- מוחמד --- מוחמד, --- ، محمد --- النبي محمد --- محمد --- محمد الرسول --- محمد النبي --- محمد، نبي --- محمد، پيامبر --- محمد، --- محمدو --- محمد, --- محمد. --- ممحمد، --- محمد الرسول, --- محمد النبي, --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van . --- Islam. Mohammedanisme--Geschiedenis van

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The Prophet Muhammad died in June 10/632, his head cradled in the lap of his young wife Â’isha. In the shadows near his bed stood Fâtima, his only surviving daughter, ousted from her father’s side at this critical moment. Fâtima would die a few months later after a life lived ostensibly on the edges of Islam, and for centuries, although revered and honored by Muslims, she would remain a indistinct figure, barely known by those who follow the religion of her father.But from the shadows of history and the pages of ancient Arabic texts emerges the picture of a startling and distinctive woman who, far from living on the peripheries of Islam’s beginnings, is deeply embedded in the politics, intrigue and profound religious sentiments of her time. The only child of Muhammad to survive him, a wife and mother living at the heart of her father’s world, Fatima was from early times taken up by Shî’a Islam, for whose adherents she is the virgin mother, the heavenly intercessor with untold power before God’s throne, and the grieving mother of al-Husayn, the Shi’a's most important martyr. During her life she was impoverished and weak, neglected, marginalized, maltreated and divested of justice: but her reward in heaven comprises incalculable riches and jeweled habitations, and all the populace of that place will bow their heads in deference to her, and her company will be the angels and the friends of God. Here, for the first time, her story is told.

Fāṭimah, --- Fāṭimah, --- Muḥammad, --- Cult --- Family --- Shīʻah --- Shiite religious practice --- Customs and practices --- Mahomed, --- Maḥmūd, --- Mahomet, --- Mohammed, --- Magomet, --- Mu-han-mo-te, --- Nabi Muhammad, --- Mukhammed, --- Maometto, --- Mahometto, --- Mohammad, --- Mahoma, --- Muḥamad, --- מוחמד --- מוחמד, --- ، محمد --- النبي محمد --- محمد --- محمد الرسول --- محمد النبي --- محمد، نبي --- محمد، پيامبر --- محمد، --- محمدو --- محمد, --- محمد. --- ممحمد، --- Fatemeh Zahra, --- Fatima, --- Fatima Zahra, --- Fāṭimah al-Zahrāʼ, --- Fāṭimah bint Muḥammad, --- Fāṭimah bint Rasūl Allāh, --- Fāt̤imah Zahrā, --- Zahrāʼ, --- فاطمة --- فاطمة الزهراء --- فاطمة، --- فاطمه زهرا، --- فاطمه، --- Cult. --- Family. --- محمد الرسول, --- محمد النبي, --- ‏فاطمه زهرا،‏ --- Faatemah, --- Fāṭimah, - -632 or 633 - Cult --- Fāṭimah, - -632 or 633 --- Muḥammad, - Prophet, - -632 - Family --- Fāṭimah, - -632 or 633 --- Muḥammad, - Prophet, - -632