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This volume focuses on mitochondrial RNA metabolism, emphasizing recent discoveries and technological advances in this fast moving area that increase our understanding of mitochondrial gene function. Topics addressed include the interplay of mitochondria with the nucleus and cytosol, structure-function connections, and relevance to human disease. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, and a great deal is known about mitochondrial energy metabolism. Less well known is the plethora of amazing mechanisms that have evolved to control expression of mitochondrial genomes. Several RNA processes and machineries in protozoa, plants, flies and humans are discussed, including: transcription and RNA polymerase mechanism; tRNA processing of 5′ and 3′ ends; mRNA maturation by nucleotide insertion/deletion editing and by RNA splicing; mRNA stability; and RNA import. Specialized factors and ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) examined include pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, RNase P, polymerases, helicases, nucleases, editing and repair enzymes. Remarkable features of these processes and factors are either not found outside mitochondria, differ substantially among eukaryotic lineages, or are unique in biology. .

Organic chemistry --- Genetics --- General microbiology --- Molecular biology --- RNA (ribonucleic acid) --- nucleïnezuren --- organische chemie --- microbiologie --- genetische manipulatie --- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) --- polymeren --- moleculaire biologie --- genexpressie --- enzymen

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Dysfunction of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport systems has been associated with many human diseases. Thus, understanding of how functional this transport system maintains, or through dysfunction fails to maintain remains the core question in cell biology. In eukaryotic cells, the nuclear envelope (NE) separates the genetic transcription in the nucleus from the translational machinery in the cytoplasm. Thousands of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded on the NE selectively mediate the bidirectional trafficking of macromolecules such as RNAs and proteins between these two cellular compartments. In this book, the authors integrate recent progress on the structure of NPC and the mechanism of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport system in vitro and in vivo.

Organic chemistry --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- Genetics --- General microbiology --- Molecular biology --- Medical microbiology, virology, parasitology --- RNA (ribonucleic acid) --- toegepaste microbiologie --- nucleïnezuren --- organische chemie --- microbiologie --- genetische manipulatie --- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) --- Europees recht --- evolutieleer --- moleculaire biologie

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Many breakthroughs in experimental devices, advanced software, as well as analytical methods for systems biology development have helped shape the way we study DNA, RNA and proteins, on the genomic, transcriptional, translational and posttranslational level. This book highlights the comprehensive topics that encompass systems biology with enormous progress in the development of genome sequencing, proteomic and metabolomic methods in designing and understanding biological systems. Topics covered in this book include fundamentals of modelling networks, circuits and pathways, spatial and multi cellular systems, image-driven systems biology, evolution, noise and decision-making in single cells, systems biology of disease and immunology, and personalized medicine. Special attention is paid to epigenomics, in particular environmental conditions that impact genetic background. The breadth of exciting new data towards discovering fundamental principles and direct application of epigenetics in agriculture is also described. The chapter “Deciphering the Universe of RNA Structures and Trans RNA-RNA Interactions of Transcriptomes in vivo - from Experimental Protocols to Computational Analyses” is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com.

Organic chemistry --- Genetics --- Molecular biology --- Biology --- Human biochemistry --- Human genetics --- Human medicine --- Biotechnology --- RNA (ribonucleic acid) --- nucleïnezuren --- medische biochemie --- organische chemie --- medische genetica --- proteomics --- biologie --- biomedische wetenschappen --- geneeskunde --- genetica --- biotechnologie --- genetische manipulatie --- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) --- moleculaire biologie

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The focus of this book is to introduce up-to-date information on applications and practical use of RNA for agriculture, biotechnology and medicine. It provides unique ideas, tools, and methods in detail from a variety of scientific and technical disciplines.  RNA science has progressed enormously in recent decades, and vast amounts of information on RNA functions and their regulatory mechanisms are becoming available. Such a progress opened the door to an age of practical application of RNA in many fields including agriculture, plant science, medical science, brewing and fermentation technology, and material production. This book inspires its readership and contributes to not only expansion in application of RNA but also to basic research. .

Organic chemistry --- Genetics --- Histology. Cytology --- Molecular biology --- Human genetics --- Human medicine --- Biotechnology --- RNA (ribonucleic acid) --- nucleïnezuren --- organische chemie --- medische genetica --- geneeskunde --- genetica --- biotechnologie --- cytologie --- genetische manipulatie --- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) --- histologie --- moleculaire biologie

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This book shows the various sandwich assays that are constructed from recognition molecules, such as antibodies, oligonucleotide sequences and aptamers, developed as a result of nano- and biotechnology advances. It consists of ten chapters presenting interesting examples of these assays, organized according to the type of analytic methods (colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, etc.) and detected objects (protein, nucleic acid, small-molecule, ion, etc.). It also includes a chapter discussing the introduction of sandwich assays as biosensors for the detection of a range of targets. It is an interesting and useful resource for a wide readership in various fields of chemical science and nanotechnology.

Chemical structure --- Analytical chemistry --- Organic chemistry --- Genetics --- Analytical biochemistry --- General biochemistry --- Molecular biology --- Human biochemistry --- Electrical engineering --- Biotechnology --- RNA (ribonucleic acid) --- nucleïnezuren --- medische biochemie --- organische chemie --- protein-engineering --- nanotechniek --- biosensoren --- bio-engineering --- analytische chemie --- oligonucleotides --- biochemie --- biotechnologie --- genetische manipulatie --- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) --- eiwitten --- moleculaire biologie --- optica