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Wat hebben koraal, tuimelkruid en het rugschild van een kever met elkaar gemeen? Het zijn allemaal vormen van skeletten. De natuur heeft in de loop van de evolutie allemaal slimme manieren bedacht om leven ondersteuning te bieden. Dit rijk geïllustreerde boek bekijkt de verschillende manieren waarop de natuur skeletten bouwt en de ongekende diversiteit aan lichamen, vormen en afmetingen die dat heeft opgeleverd.In de natuur kom je de wonderlijkste skeletstructuren tegen. Denk aan die van de enorme blauwe vinvis, van kleine garnalen of van de zeewezens die het Groot Barrièrerif vormen. Om nog maar te zwijgen over de bijzondere skeletten van dinosauriërs die miljoenen jaren over het aardoppervlak zwierven.Ook planten hebben een skelet. Ze gebruiken buisjes van dood weefsel voor extra stevigheid en voor het vervoeren van vloeistoffen tot in de kleinste takjes boven in hun kruin. Deze buisjes moeten zo sterk zijn dat ze soms tot wel honderd meter de lucht in reiken.'Skeletten' bespreekt hoe het leven een half miljard jaar geleden begon met het bouwen van skeletten en beschrijft de enorme variatie aan structuren die dat opleverde. Ook komen de gevolgen van klimaatverandering aan bod ? een grote bedreiging voor de vorming van sommige skeletten.Tot slot werpen de auteurs een blik op de toekomst. Hoe zien skeletten er over honderd jaar uit? Wie weet bestaat ons eigen mensenskelet dan niet meer alleen uit bot, maar hebben we er allerlei metalen en plastic elementen aan toegevoegd.https://shop.newscientist.nl/product/skeletten/

skeletons [animal components] --- Physiology: movement organs, voice and skin --- Skelet --- Paleontologie --- Antropologie --- Plantkunde --- Geografie --- Plant --- Dier

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The leaf is an organ optimized for capturing sunlight and safely using that energy through the process of photosynthesis to drive the productivity of the plant and, through the position of plants as primary producers, that of Earth’s biosphere. It is an exquisite organ composed of multiple tissues, each with unique functions, working synergistically to: (1) deliver water, nutrients, signals, and sometimes energy-rich carbon compounds throughout the leaf (xylem); (2) deliver energy-rich carbon molecules and signals within the leaf during its development and then from the leaf to the plant once the leaf has matured (phloem); (3) regulate exchange of gasses between the leaf and the atmosphere (epidermis and stomata); (4) modulate the radiation that penetrates into the leaf tissues (trichomes, the cuticle, and its underlying epidermis); (5) harvest the energy of visible sunlight to transform water and carbon dioxide into energy-rich sugars or sugar alcohols for export to the rest of the plant (palisade and spongy mesophyll); and (6) store sugars and/or starch during the day to feed the plant during the night and/or acids during the night to support light-driven photosynthesis during the day (palisade and spongy mesophyll). Various regulatory controls that have been shaped through the evolutionary history of each plant species result in an incredible diversity of leaf form across the plant kingdom. Genetic programming is also flexible in allowing acclimatory phenotypic adjustments that optimize leaf functioning in response to a particular set of environmental conditions and biotic influences experienced by the plant. Moreover, leaves and the primary processes carried out by the leaf respond to changes in their environment, and the status of the plant, through multiple regulatory networks over time scales ranging from seconds to seasons. This book brings together the findings from laboratories at the forefront of research into various aspects of leaf function, with particular emphasis on the relationship to photosynthesis.

General biochemistry --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Biochemical engineering --- systematische plantkunde --- fotosynthese --- biochemie --- planten --- moleculaire biologie

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This aesthetically unique book combines ecological, morphological and anatomical, as well as phylogenetic studies on plant material in a largely unexplored dry mountain region above the timberline. It offers the first comparative analysis of hundreds of plants - annuals, perennial herbs and dwarf shrubs - in an area of 87,000 km2 at altitudes from 2600 to 6150 m above sea level in the Western Himalaya. Characteristic landscape pictures of all major vegetation types and maps show at which locations and altitudes the individual species of vascular plants are distributed, while macroscopic plant pictures and plant age are related to high-quality micro-sections and micro-photographs. The anatomical features of 345 dicotyledons were characterized using the published coding systems and those of 155 monocotyledones were characterized on the basis of a newly developed key. The number of annual rings and anatomical features of the xylem and phloem of dicots are compared and related to different ecological conditions within this extremely dry and cold environment. The ecological and anatomical characterization is used to create a phylogenetic tree based on nucleotide sequences, and indicates which features are genetically stable and which ones are modified by environmental factors. The book appeals to scientists in the fields of plant taxonomy, morphology, anatomy and ecology. .

Systematics. Taxonomy. Nomenclature --- General ecology and biosociology --- Phytomorphology. Phytoanatomy --- Botany --- systematische plantkunde --- biogeografie --- planten --- ecosystemen --- Himalaya

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This edited volume provides insight into temperate fruits, with an emphasis on postharvest physiology, storage, packaging and technologies for maintaining fruit quality. Chapters are devoted to individual fruits and focus on fundamental issues such as methods for maintaining or enhancing quality, minimizing postharvest losses, and recommended technologies to boost demand. Contributions come from experts in the field, making this a key reference for all aspects of postharvest management of temperate fruits. The volume is unique in its focus on the biodiversity, nutritional and health benefits, and postharvest technologies for shelf life enhancement of temperate fruits. Contributing authors address the postharvest biology and technology of individual temperate fruits such as plum, cherry, peach, apricot, apple, pear, quince, loquat, kiwi, persimmon and berries. There has been tremendous growth in the research and development of new techniques to maintain the quality of temperate fruits from farm to table. Contributions from experts in the field cover these recent advances, providing up-to-date and relevant information for researchers, postharvest/fruit technologists, food scientists, postgraduate students, and others working in the industry.

Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Botany --- Applied physical engineering --- Production management --- Food science and technology --- systematische plantkunde --- voedingsleer --- kwaliteitscontrole --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- botanie

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This open access book offers a fully illustrated compendium of glossary terms and basic principles in the field of palynology, making it an indispensable tool for all palynologists. It is a revised and extended edition of “Pollen Terminology. An illustrated handbook,” published in 2009. This second edition, titled “Illustrated Pollen Terminology” shares additional insights into new and stunning aspects of palynology. In this context, the general chapters have been critically revised, expanded and restructured. The chapter “Misinterpretations in Palynology” has been extended with new research data and additional ambiguous terms, e.g., polyads vs. massulae; the chapter “Methods in Palynology” has been extensively enhanced with illustrated protocols showing the majority of the methods and techniques used when studying recent and fossil pollen with LM, SEM and TEM. Moreover, additional information about the description and publication of pollen data is provided in the chapter “How to Describe and Illustrate Pollen Grains.” Various other parts of the general chapters have now been updated and/or extended with more comprehensive textual passages and new illustrations. The chapter “Illustrated Pollen Terms” now features new and more appropriate examples of each term, including additional LM micrographs. Where necessary, the entries for selected pollen terms have been refined by rewording or adding definitions, illustrations, and new micrographs. Lastly, new terms are included, such as “suprasculpture” and the prefix “nano-“ for ornamentation features. The chapter “Illustrated Pollen Terms” is the main part of this book and comprises more than 300 widely used terms illustrated with over 1,000 high-quality images. It provides a detailed survey of the manifold ornamentation and structures of pollen, and offers essential insights into their stunning beauty.

General palaeontology --- Systematics. Taxonomy. Nomenclature --- General ecology and biosociology --- Phytomorphology. Phytoanatomy --- Botany --- Allergy --- systematische plantkunde --- biodiversiteit --- biogeografie --- allergieën --- planten --- paleontologie