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Waarom zijn sommige stoffen verslavend en andere niet? Welke medicijnen kunnen helpen bij aandoeningen als angststoornissen en ADHD? Hoe komt het eigenlijk dat bepaalde middelen gedrag en gemoed veranderen? Waarom is het zo moeilijk om te stoppen met roken? Dit zijn slechts enkele van de vragen waarop deze inleiding in de psychofarmacologie het begin van een antwoord probeert te geven. Dat gebeurt aan de hand van een overzicht van de principes van de psychofarmacologie, de werking van de menselijke hersenen, verschillende soorten drugs en geneesmiddelen zoals stimulantia en kalmerende middelen, en de soms zeer ernstige aandoeningen van het menselijk brein zoals depressie en schizofrenie.

psychofarmacologie --- psychofarmaca --- zenuwstelsel --- neurotransmissie --- Psychofarmaca --- Farmacologie --- geneesmiddelen --- Psychofarmacon

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This volume gives an overview of new insights to alcohol pharmacology using DREADDs (Designer Receptors and Unraveling the Neuropharmacology of Alcohol). It examines which pharmacological principles should be applied to understanding DREADDs taking into account some very current research. Additionally, this book covers important topics under the heading of “experimental pharmacology” and alcohol.

Toxicology --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Neuropathology --- neurologie --- farmacologie --- multimedia --- toxicologie --- psychofarmaca

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The goal for this volume is to provide an up-to-date review of the discriminative stimulus properties of major psychoactive drug classes with an emphasis on how this paradigm enhances our understanding of these drugs and how these findings translate from animals to humans. The drug discrimination paradigm applies to both drugs of abuse and drugs for treating mental illnesses, and research from these studies has provided immense translational value for learning about the mechanisms responsible for drug effects in humans.

Social psychology --- Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Neuropathology --- gedrag (mensen) --- neurologie --- gedrag (dieren) --- farmacologie --- psychofarmaca

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This Brief takes the reader on a chemical journey by following the history for over two centuries of how an opiate became an opioid, thus spawning an empire and a series of crises. These imperfect resemblances of alkaloids are both natural and synthetic substances that, particularly in America, are continually part of a growing concern about overuse. This seemed an inviting prospect for those in pain, but as the ubiquitous media coverage continues to lay bare, the levels of abuse point to the fact that perhaps an epidemic is upon us, if not a culture war. Seeking answers to how and why this addiction crisis transpired over two hundred years of long development, this Brief examines the role that the chemistry laboratory played in turning patients into consumers. By utilizing a host of diverse sources, this Brief seeks to trace the design and the production of opioids and their antecedents over the past two centuries. From the isolation and development of the first alkaloids with morphine that relieved pain within the home and on the battlefield, to the widespread use of nostrums and the addiction crisis that ensued, to the dissemination of drugs by what became known as Big Pharma after the World Wars; and finally, to competition from home-made pharmaceuticals, the progenitor was always, in some form, a type of chemistry lab. At times, the laboratory pressed science to think deeply about society's maladies, such as curing disease and alleviating pain, in order to look for new opportunities in the name of progress. Despite the best intentions opioids have created a paradox of pain as they were manipulated by creating relief with synthetic precision and influencing a dystopian vision. Thus, influence came in many forms, from governments, from the medical community, and from the entrepreneurial aspirations of the general populace. For better, but mostly for worse, all played a role in changing forever the trajectory of what started with the isolation of a compound in Germany. Combining chemistry and history in a rousing new long-form narrative that even broadens the definition of a laboratory, the origins and future of this complicated topic are carefully examined.

History of chemistry --- Organic chemistry --- Chemistry --- History of human medicine --- Toxicology --- Pharmacology. Therapy --- Human medicine --- History --- organische chemie --- farmacologie --- chemie --- geneeskunde --- geschiedenis --- multimedia --- toxicologie --- psychofarmaca