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Thin films. --- Coatings.

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This thesis considers molecular orientation in thin films and introduces an optical model describing this orientation as applied to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). It also describes the electronic structure of intermolecular charge transfer excitons correlated to molecular orientation in solids. It has long been known that molecular orientation influences the electrical and optical properties of molecular films. One notable example is in liquid crystals where rigid rod or disk shaped molecules are commonly used. Understanding the origin of the molecular orientation and its control by surface treatment and electric field resulted in the development of liquid crystal displays. The same thing has happened in organic electronics, and considerable effort has been devoted to understanding and controlling molecular orientation in solid films to improve charge carrier mobility and light absorption, ultimately to improve the performance of organic solar cells and thin film transistors. In contrast, less attention has been paid to molecular orientation and its influence on the characteristics of OLEDs, probably because of the use of amorphous films rather than micro-crystalline films, and it is only in recent years that some molecular films are known to have preferred orientation. This thesis addresses this topic, focusing on OLEDs, describing the origin and control of the orientation of phosphorescent Ir complexes possessing spherical shape rather than rod or disk shape, the simulation of the optical characteristics of OLEDs influenced by preferred molecular orientation, and finally the orientation of intermolecular charge transfer excitons and its correlation to electronic structures in thin films.

Surfaces (Physics). --- Electronics. --- Optical materials. --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Optics --- Materials --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences

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This book contains the latest scientific findings in the area of granular materials, their physical fundamentals and applications in particle technology focused on the description of interactions of fine adhesive particles. In collaboration between physicists, chemists, mathematicians and mechanics and process engineers from 24 universities, new theories and methods for multiscale modeling and reliable measurement of particles are developed, with a focus on: • Basic physical-chemical processes in the contact zone: particle-particle and particle-wall contacts, • Particle collisions and their dynamics • Constitutive material laws for particle systems on the macro level.

Granular materials. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Materials Engineering. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Thin films. --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Engineering—Materials. --- Dynamics --- Light --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films

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This thesis provides the first comprehensive theoretical overview of the electronic and optical properties of two dimensional (2D) Indium Selenide: atomically thin films of InSe ranging from monolayers to few layers in thickness. The thesis shows how the electronic propertes of 2D InSe vary significantly with film thickness, changing from a weakly indirect semiconductor for the monolayer to a direct gap material in the bulk form, with a strong band gap variation with film thickness predicted and recently observed in optical experiments. The proposed theory is based on a specially designed hybrid k.p tight-binding model approach (HkpTB), which uses an intralayer k.p Hamiltonian to describe the InSe monolayer, and tight-binding-like interlayer hopping. Electronic and optical absorption spectra are determined, and a detailed description of subbands of electrons in few-layer films and the influence of spin-orbit coupling is provided. The author shows that the principal optical excitations of InSe films with the thickness from 1 to 15 layers broadly cover the visible spectrum, with the possibility of extending optical functionality into the infrared and THz range using intersubband transitions. .

Thin films --- Electric properties. --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Solid State Physics. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Thin films. --- Solid state physics. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Solids --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Mathematics

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This significantly extended second edition addresses the important physical phenomenon of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) or Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP) in thin metal films, a phenomenon which is exploited in the design of a large variety of physico-chemical optical sensors. In this treatment, crucial materials aspects for design and optimization of SPR sensors are investigated and described in detail. The text covers a selection of nanometer thin metal films, ranging from free-electron to the platinum-type conductors, along with their combination with a large variety of dielectric substrate materials, and associated individual layer and opto-geometric arrangements. Whereas the first edition treated solely the metal-liquid interface, the SP-resonance conditions considered here are expanded to cover the metal-gas interface in the angular and wavelength interrogation modes, localized and long-range SP's and the influence of native oxidic ad-layers in the case of non-noble metals. Furthermore, a selection of metal grating structures that allow SP excitation is presented, as are features of radiative SP's. Finally, this treatise includes as-yet hardly explored SPR features of selected metal–metal and metal–dielectric superlattices. An in-depth multilayer Fresnel evaluation provides the mathematical tool for this optical analysis, which otherwise relies solely on experimentally determined electro-optical materials parameters.

Optical materials. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Surface and Interface Science, Thin Films. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Interfaces (Physical sciences). --- Thin films. --- Electronic materials. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Optics --- Materials --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Electronic materials --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Surfaces.