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After a war breaks out, what factors influence the warring parties' decisions about whether to talk to their enemy, and when may their position on wartime diplomacy change? How do we get from only fighting to also talking?In The Costs of Conversation, Oriana Skylar Mastro argues that states are primarily concerned with the strategic costs of conversation, and these costs need to be low before combatants are willing to engage in direct talks with their enemy. Specifically, Mastro writes, leaders look to two factors when determining the probable strategic costs of demonstrating a willingness to talk: the likelihood the enemy will interpret openness to diplomacy as a sign of weakness, and how the enemy may change its strategy in response to such an interpretation. Only if a state thinks it has demonstrated adequate strength and resiliency to avoid the inference of weakness, and believes that its enemy has limited capacity to escalate or intensify the war, will it be open to talking with the enemy. Through four primary case studies-North Vietnamese diplomatic decisions during the Vietnam War, those of China in the Korean War and Sino-Indian War, and Indian diplomatic decision making in the latter conflict-The Costs of Conversation demonstrates that the costly conversations thesis best explains the timing and nature of countries' approach to wartime talks, and therefore when peace talks begin. As a result, Mastro's findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for war duration and termination, as well as for military strategy, diplomacy, and mediation.
War --- Vietnam War, 1961-1975 --- Sino-Indian Border Dispute, 1957 --- -Korean War, 1950-1953 --- Korean War, 1950-1953 --- Termination --- Decision making --- Diplomatic history. --- Peace.
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This documentary addresses how the United States Army of 1950 fought in the Korean peninsula, while accentuating doctrine pertinent to today's U.S. Army. Following the North Korean invasion of South Korea, United States Army and United Nations forces helped the Republic of Korea fight for its existence. Under the U.S. Eighth Army, allied forces repulsed the North Korean invasion in June of 1950. After advancing deep into North Korea, the forces allied with South Korea withdrew in wake of Chinese intervention in late-1950. Under the command of General Matthew B. Ridgway, allied forces attempted to regain the offensive--resulting in the battle at the Twin Tunnels.
Twin Tunnels, Battle of, Korea, 1951. --- Korean War, 1950-1953 --- Military doctrine --- Campaigns --- United States. --- History
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Through informed and skilful interviewing of the participants, Denis Stairs has reconstructed the background to Canadian policy during the Korean War. Ottawa officials, led by External Affairs Minister Lester B. Pearson, viewed the war as an exercise in collective security, in which it was essential to constrain the course of American decisions. As a result Canadian initiatives were taken on a multilateral basis through the United Nations with a view to moderating the exercise of US power; this is the theme which gives the book its title. The story begins with a discussion of an American-inspired United Nations attempt, in which Canada was closely involved, to secure an early resolution of the Korean question in 1947-8 and concludes with the Canadian role in the Geneva conference in 1954. A final chapter analyzes the personalities, the policy decisions, and the role of the military and of public opinion as a case-study of Canadian foreign policy and diplomacy. Professor Stairs examines the origin, substance, and conduct of Canadian diplomacy during the war itself, outlines the major hostilities, and comments upon the political and diplomatic implications of the organization and command of the Canadian Army Special Force. He devotes considerable attention to the activities of policy-makers in Washington, the UN, and elsewhere in order to establish the context in which policy was set in Ottawa.
Korean War, 1950-1953 --- United States. --- Canada. --- Canada --- Relations exterieures --- Foreign relations
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This documentary addresses how the United States Army of 1950 fought in the Korean peninsula, while accentuating doctrine pertinent to today's U.S. Army. Following the North Korean invasion of South Korea, United States Army and United Nations forces helped the Republic of Korea fight for its existence. Under the U.S. Eighth Army, allied forces repulsed the North Korean invasion in June of 1950. After advancing deep into North Korea, the forces allied with South Korea withdrew in wake of Chinese intervention in late-1950. Under the command of General Matthew B. Ridgway, allied forces attempted to regain the offensive--resulting in the battle at the Twin Tunnels.
Twin Tunnels, Battle of, Korea, 1951. --- Korean War, 1950-1953 --- Military doctrine --- Campaigns --- United States. --- History
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An erratic, aging North Korean leadership intent on dynastic succession and development of nuclear weapons is attracting a lot of attention in the Asia-Pacific Region -- an area of utmost importance to the United States. Current concerns about security in Korea provide the backdrop to this volume, which offers an overview of the evolution of security on the Korean peninsula and an assessment of the U.S. role there from the 1940s to the present. A distinctive feature of this volume is the long historical perspective that is brought to bear on contemporary security dilemmas. The renowned contributors examine U.S. policy prior to and during the Korean War and look at the subsequent changes in U.S. commitment to South Korea during a period of global stalemate that had been shaped in part by the war itself. The authors then assess the future of U.S.-Korean relations within the context of the changing international environment, considering the prospects for future strife, the merits of a cooperative security system, and the possibility of reunification.
Korean War, 1950-1953. --- National security --- Korean reunification question (1945- ) --- Korea (South) --- United States --- Military relations
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A groundbreaking look at how the interrogation rooms of the Korean War set the stage for a new kind of battle-not over land but over human subjectsTraditional histories of the Korean War have long focused on violations of the thirty-eighth parallel, the line drawn by American and Soviet officials in 1945 dividing the Korean peninsula. But The Interrogation Rooms of the Korean War presents an entirely new narrative, shifting the perspective from the boundaries of the battlefield to inside the interrogation room. Upending conventional notions of what we think of as geographies of military conflict, Monica Kim demonstrates how the Korean War evolved from a fight over territory to one over human interiority and the individual human subject, forging the template for the U.S. wars of intervention that would predominate during the latter half of the twentieth century and beyond.Kim looks at how, during the armistice negotiations, the United States and their allies proposed a new kind of interrogation room: one in which POWs could exercise their "free will" and choose which country they would go to after the ceasefire. The global controversy that erupted exposed how interrogation rooms had become a flashpoint for the struggles between the ambitions of empire and the demands for decolonization, as the aim of interrogation was to produce subjects who attested to a nation's right to govern. The complex web of interrogators and prisoners-Japanese-American interrogators, Indian military personnel, Korean POWs and interrogators, and American POWs-that Kim uncovers contradicts the simple story in U.S. popular memory of "brainwashing" during the Korean War.Bringing together a vast range of sources that track two generations of people moving between three continents, The Interrogation Rooms of the Korean War delves into an essential yet overlooked aspect of modern warfare in the twentieth century.
Korean War, 1950-1953. --- Korean War, 1950-1953 --- Armistices. --- Prisoners and prisons. --- 1950-1953 --- 38th parallel. --- American prisoners of war. --- Cold War. --- Custodian Force of India. --- Francis Dodd. --- Japanese American internment camps. --- Koje Island. --- Korean Communists. --- Korean War. --- Korean peninsula. --- Korean youth. --- POW camp. --- POW camps. --- POW. --- Psychological Strategy Board. --- UNC. --- US Counterintelligence Corps. --- US military. --- US occupation. --- United Nations Command. --- World War II. --- brainwashing. --- decolonization. --- diplomacy. --- enemy alien. --- governance. --- intelligence. --- international humanitarian law. --- interrogation room. --- interrogation rooms. --- interrogation. --- interrogator. --- interrogators. --- kidnapping. --- language. --- military conflict. --- military occupation. --- modern warfare. --- nation-state. --- neutral explanation rooms. --- neutrality. --- political recognition. --- political strategy. --- prisoner of war. --- prisoners of war. --- repatriation. --- rightists. --- sovereignty. --- thirty-eighth parallel. --- warfare.
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This book re-visits the history of the Korean War of 1950-1953 from a Chinese perspective, examining Chinese strategy and exploring why China sent three million troops to Korea, in Mao’s words, to “defend the homeland and safeguard the country”—giving rise to what became the war’s common name in China. It also looks into the relatively neglected historical factors which have redefined China’s security concerns and strategic culture. Using newly available sources from China and the former Soviet Union, the book considers how interactive the parameters of defense changes were in a foreign war against Western powers, how flexible Chinese strategy was in the context of its intervention, and how expansive its strategic cultural repertoire was at the crucial moment to “defend the country.” Providing a re-examination of China’s military decisions and strategy evolution, this text narrates the story of successive generations of Chinese leaders and provides a key insight into security issues in China and Northeast Asia today.
Korean War, 1950-1953 --- Participation, Chinese. --- Asia—History. --- Military history. --- World politics. --- Asian History. --- History of Military. --- Political History. --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Military historiography --- Military history --- Wars --- Historiography --- History --- Naval history
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The emotional toll of war can be as debilitating to soldiers as hunger, disease, and injury. Beginning in World War I, in an effort to boost soldiers' morale and remind them of the stakes of victory, the American military formalized a recreation program that sent respectable young women and famous entertainers overseas. Kara Dixon Vuic builds her narrative around the young women from across the United States, many of whom had never traveled far from home, who volunteered to serve in one of the nation's most brutal work environments. From the "Lassies" in France and mini-skirted coeds in Vietnam to Marlene Dietrich and Marilyn Monroe, Vuic provides a fascinating glimpse into wartime gender roles and the tensions that continue to complicate American women's involvement in the military arena. The recreation-program volunteers heightened the passions of troops but also domesticated everyday life on the bases. Their presence mobilized support for the war back home, while exporting American culture abroad. Carefully recruited and selected as symbols of conventional femininity, these adventurous young women saw in the theater of war a bridge between public service and private ambition. This story of the women who talked and listened, danced and sang, adds an intimate chapter to the history of war and its ties to life in peacetime.--
Women and war --- Soldiers --- Military morale --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Vietnam War, 1961-1975 --- Korean War, 1950-1953 --- World War, 1914-1918 --- History --- Recreation --- History --- History --- War work. --- War work. --- War work. --- War work. --- United States. --- Military life --- History --- US military history. --- United States military history. --- Vietnam. --- World War I. --- World War II. --- women in the armed forces. --- women in the military. --- women's history.
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How can you achieve victory in war if you don't have a clear idea of your political objectives and a vision of what victory means? In this provocative challenge to US policy and strategy, Donald Stoker argues that America endures endless wars because its leaders no longer know how to think about war, particularly limited wars. He reveals how ideas on limited war and war in general evolved against the backdrop of American conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq. These ideas, he shows, were flawed and have undermined America's ability to understand, wage, and win its wars, and to secure peace afterwards. America's leaders have too often taken the nation to war without understanding what they want or valuing victory, leading to the 'forever wars' of today. Why America Loses Wars dismantles seventy years of misguided thinking and lays the foundations for a new approach to the wars of tomorrow.
Korean War, 1950-1953. --- Vietnam War, 1961-1975. --- Persian Gulf War, 1991. --- Iraq War, 2003-2011. --- Anglo-American Invasion of Iraq, 2003-2011 --- Dawn, Operation New, 2010-2011 --- Gulf War II, 2003-2011 --- Iraqi Freedom, Operation, 2003-2010 --- New Dawn, Operation, 2010-2011 --- Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2003-2010 --- Operation New Dawn, 2010-2011 --- Operation Telic, 2003-2011 --- Persian Gulf War, 2003-2011 --- Telic, Operation, 2003-2011 --- War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 --- Desert Storm, Operation, 1991 --- Gulf War, 1991 --- Operation Desert Storm, 1991 --- War in the Gulf, 1991 --- Iraq-Kuwait Crisis, 1990-1991 --- Vietnam Conflict, 1961-1975 --- Vietnamese Conflict, 1961-1975 --- Vietnamese War, 1961-1975 --- United States --- History, Military
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"Korean children and women are the forgotten population of a forgotten war. Yet during and after the Korean War, they were central to the projection of US military, cultural, and political dominance. Framed by War examines how the Korean orphan, GI baby, adoptee, birth mother, prostitute, and bride emerged at the heart of empire. Strained embodiments of war, they brought Americans into Korea and Koreans into America in ways that defined, and at times defied, US empire in the Pacific. What unfolded in Korea set the stage for US postwar power in the second half of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. American destruction and humanitarianism, violence and care played out upon the bodies of Korean children and women. Framed by War traces the arc of intimate relations that served as these foundations. To suture a fragmented past, Susie Woo looks to US and South Korean government documents and military correspondence; US aid organization records; Korean orphanage registers; US and South Korean newspapers and magazines; and photographs, interviews, films, and performances. Integrating history with visual and cultural analysis, Woo chronicles how Americans went from knowing very little about Koreans to making them family, and how Korean children and women who did not choose war found ways to navigate its aftermath in South Korea, the United States, and spaces in between." --
War brides --- Orphans --- Koreans --- Korean War, 1950-1953 --- History --- Cultural assimilation --- Women --- Social conditions. --- Children --- United States. --- Korea (South) --- Emigration and immigration --- Social aspects. --- American-Korean Foundation. --- Child Placement Service. --- Christian Children’s Fund. --- Cold War internationalism. --- Cold War. --- Harry Holt. --- Immigration and Naturalization Service. --- International Social Service. --- Japanese military bride. --- Kim Sisters. --- Korean Children’s Choir. --- Korean Orphan Choir. --- Korean War. --- Korean adoptees. --- Korean military bride. --- Korean military brides. --- Korean-black children. --- Orientalism. --- Pearl Buck. --- President Rhee Syngman. --- US imperialism. --- US militarization. --- US militarized prostitution. --- US military-industrial complex. --- US missionaries. --- US racialization. --- US-Korea relations. --- United Service Organizations. --- World Vision. --- adoption legislation. --- anti-communism. --- assimilation. --- birth mothers. --- bride school. --- cultural politics. --- disabilities. --- houseboys. --- humanitarianism. --- immigration. --- intercountry adoption. --- internationalism. --- liberalism. --- mascots. --- military adoption. --- military brides. --- mixed-race children. --- model minority. --- nongovernmental aid agencies. --- orphanages. --- orphans. --- postwar Korea. --- prostitution. --- racial discrimination. --- social welfare. --- transnational adoption. --- vocational training. --- war waif.
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