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Through this study, I will first describe the main types of contraception or sterilization techniques found in different species of primates. These methods involve the use of chemical molecules or surgical protocols. By explaining why surgical and permanent methods are better for the Macaca fascicularis females in the Ubud Monkey Forest, I will describe the tubectomy procedure used during a sterilization campaign. Finally, I will study the impact of sterilization on the behaviour of females by comparing two groups, the one-year-sterilized females (2017) with the newly sterilized females (2018). 

Although the Ubud Monkey Forest is the ideal example of the coexistence between humans and primates, there has been a recent emergence of conflicts. In fact, primate provisioning and protection, as well as the lack of natural predator have led to a significant macaque population growth due to an increase of birth rates and a decrease of mortality. To deal with this population growth and very high local density, a birth control program has been initiated in 2017, aiming the sterilization of females with a tubectomy approach. It consists of a surgical ligation of fallopian tube by laparoscopy. This technique has been chosen among other sterilization or contraception methods as it presents the advantages for wild primates of being permanent, highly effective and safe.

Regarding the effect of this sterilization on female behaviours, my observations indicate that three categories of behaviour significantly varied between 2017 and 2018 sterilized females: agonistic, sexual, and caring behaviours. 2017 sterilized females were more targeted for aggressions, they spent more time involved in sexual behaviours and less time devoted to infant-caring behaviours compared to 2018 sterilized females.

Primates – Long-tailed macaque – contraception - sterilization – overpopulation – tubectomy – sexual behaviour – caring behaviour – agonistic behaviour --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale

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Introduction : Le développement de l’antibiorésistance est un problème mondial grandissant et préoccupant. Afin d’identifier les facteurs favorisant l’émergence de résistances antimicrobiennes, il est nécessaire de collecter des données d’utilisation des antimicrobiens et de prévalence de germes résistants. Ces données permettent de mettre en œuvre des stratégies efficaces pour endiguer ce phénomène et ce, pensées dans une approche One Health. Au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, il n’y a pas de données disponibles sur le comportement de prescription antibiotique des vétérinaires petits animaux.
Méthodes : Étude transversale par enquête auprès de vétérinaires petits animaux Luxembourgeois. Cette enquête a été conduite au travers d’un questionnaire présentant cinq situations cliniques fréquentes en première ligne de soins. Pour chaque cas, un ensemble de questions leur demandait s'ils décideraient de prescrire ou non des antimicrobiens, un traitement non antimicrobien et s'ils effectueraient des examens complémentaires. Les réponses ont été comparées aux recommandations de l’AMCRA.
Résultats : 32 vétérinaires sur les 162 contactés ont répondu au questionnaire. Les antibiotiques les plus prescrits étaient l’amoxicilline/acide clavulanique (48,7%) et l’amoxicilline (28,7%) classés oranges par l’AMCRA. En moyenne pour les cinq scénarios cliniques, 73,8% des répondants respectaient les guidelines. Seuls 7,3% des antimicrobiens prescrits sont qualifiés de critiques, et leur prescription n’est précédée d’un antibiogramme que dans 27,3% des cas.
Conclusion : Il y a correspondance avec les recommandations de l’AMCRA. Les antimicrobiens critiques sont peu prescrits. Des efforts sont à poursuivre pour la sensibilisation au recours aux antibiogrammes, et au choix d’antibiotiques jaunes plutôt qu’oranges.

antimicrobial resistance --- companion animals --- veterinary --- prescribing behaviour --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale

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It is not unusual to read, see or hear about video games in the traditional media. This topic is trending, the sector is one of the fastest growing in the world and its popularity is broad especially to young people. However, despite those qualities, video games continue to be addressed by looking at their negative aspects. The media tend to focus on the addictive 
aspect of video games and its potential to enhance violence. 

But if video games can teach violence, they can also teach positive behaviour. A specific behaviour that can be learnt through video games is the “prosocial” one. This means sharing, cooperating and giving for the benefit of other people. Thank to the recent technological development, video games offer the opportunity to play online and share the gaming experience with other players and interact directly. This setup is a perfect example of prosocial content.

Consequently, this thesis investigates the relationship between the social context of online gaming and the prosocial behaviour of players. After a review of the literature about the teaching potential of video games and the prosocial behaviour, an analysis was conducted on the actual main target of video games: the Generation Z. The study proved that the nature of the ally in an online game has an impact on the prosocial behaviour of the player. When gaming with friends, young people tend to act in a more prosocial way than when playing with unknown allies.

prosocial behaviour --- video game --- battle royale --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Marketing

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After a certain spell of dry weather, rain on the road can make the surface even more slippery. This is due mainly to surface contamination such as oil or dust, polluting the water and resulting in poor gripping of the road by the tires. In fact, as the contaminants substantially influence the viscosity and/or the surface tension, they also affect the surface-wetting property of the water; and this will eventually cause a severe decrease in the tire/road grip.

nasse Fahrbahn --- Reifen-Fahrbahn-Reibung --- wet surface --- Zwischenmedium --- intermediary substance --- wetting behaviour --- Oberflächenspannung --- surface tension --- Benetzungsverhalten --- tire-road-friction

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"The book discusses various challenges and solutions related to the coordination of health and welfare services. Coordination is central to creating integrated services for users with complex needs. In order to understand the challenges and opportunities associated with creating such services, one needs knowledge related to organizations and the organizational context. The book's chapters takes on an organizational perspective where patterns and explanations are sought in formal and informal structures, processes and culture.The users’ need for services often cross established boundaries, both organizational and professional. The authors highlight the possibilities and limitations of some selected solutions that will help to cut across or break down such boundaries. Examples of such solutions are user involvement, interdisciplinary collaboration, team organizations, coordinators, standardization and patient pathways, digitization and decision-making tools for employees who work in the services. One chapter summarizes three different theoretical research approaches for analyzing coordination and collaboration.The target group is researchers, university and college employees and students of the health and welfare sector. The book also will be of interest for user organizations as well as administrative and professional decision-makers in public and private businesses." I denne boka drøfter forfatterne ulike utfordringer og løsninger knyttet til samordning av helse- og velferdstjenestene. Samordning er sentralt for å skape et helhetlig helse- og velferdstilbud til både eldre og yngre brukere med komplekse behov. For å forstå hvilke utfordringer og muligheter som finnes, trenger man kunnskap om organisasjon og organisatorisk kontekst. Boken inntar et organisasjonsperspektiv hvor mønstre og forklaringer søkes i formelle og uformelle strukturer, prosesser og organisasjonskulturer.Brukernes behov for tjenester går ofte på tvers av organisasjoners og profesjoners etablerte grenser. Forfatterne belyser muligheter og begrensninger ved noen utvalgte løsninger som skal bidra til å overskride eller bryte ned slike grenser. Eksempler på slike løsninger er brukermedvirkning, tverrfaglig samarbeid, teamorganisering, koordinator, standardisering og behandlingslinjer, digitalisering samt beslutningsverktøy for tidlig innsats blant barn og unge (BTI). Et bidrag sammenfatter ulike forskningstilnærminger for å analysere samordning og samarbeid. Målgruppen for boken er forskere, universitets- og høyskoleansatte, studenter og ansatte, særlig innenfor helse- og velferdssektoren. Den kan også være interessant og nyttig for brukerorganisasjoner og faglige og administrative beslutningstakere i offentlig og privat virksomhet.

Social welfare & social services --- Organizational theory & behaviour --- health --- welfare --- services --- organization --- coordination --- helse --- velferdstjenester --- organisering --- brukere --- samordning