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This book introduces a framework of tsunami modelling from generation to propagation, aimed at application to the new observation started in Japan after the devastating tsunami of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. About 150 seismic and tsunami sensors were deployed in a wide region off the Pacific coast of eastern Japan in order to catch tsunami generation inside the focal area, which makes a clear departure from conventional observations that detect tsunamis far from the source region. In order to exploit the full potential of this new observation system, it is not enough to model tsunami generation simply by static sea-bottom deformation caused by an earthquake. This book explains dynamic tsunami generation and sea-bottom deformation by kinematic earthquake faulting, in which seismic and acoustic waves are also included in addition to static sea-bottom deformation. It then systematically derives basic tsunami equations from the fundamental equations of motions. The author also illustrates the details of numerical schemes and their applications to tsunami records, making sound linkages among these topics to naturally understand how a tsunami is physically or mathematically described. This book will be a comprehensive guide for graduate students and young researchers to start their research activities smoothly.

Physical geography. --- Geology. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Natural Hazards. --- Coastal Sciences. --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Geography --- Geophysics. --- Natural disasters. --- Coasts. --- Coastal landforms --- Coastal zones --- Coastlines --- Landforms --- Seashore --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics

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This book describes an easy to apply methodology to determine the scenic value of a coast. As one of the most critical aspects of beach user choice, the determination of coastal area scenic quality is of primordial importance. This book is, therefore, an extremely useful tool for any coastal lovers, being them users, teachers, researchers, or managers. In particular, this work is the first book to present a semi-quantitative analysis of coastal scenery based on more than 4,000 interviews about people’s desired coastal imaginary. Twenty-six parameters can be used to identify any coastal scene, which have then been sub-divided into five attribute categories, weighted and subjected to fuzzy logic mathematics to obtain a decision number (D). This number D represents the coastal scenery at that point, and Five D classes are then presented (from I-excellent, to V-poor). Heritage areas, like National Parks should lie in Class I, which infers top scenic quality. Over a time span of a decade or so, the authors of this book have assessed more than 900 global locations using the technique given in this book. One of the main aims of this method is to point out how scenic areas may be improved by judicious intervention relating to parameters, mainly anthropogenic, chosen for assessment. The content of this book opens perspectives for analysis of the potential for coastal tourism development in natural areas and for landscape quality improvement in current coastal tourist developed areas. “In a very comprehensive way, this book reviews the main concepts about coastal scenery and through the vast global work experience of the authors, presents different methodologies, as well as introducing a novel methodology, using parameter weightings and fuzzy logic mathematics.” Carlos Pereira da Silva, CICS.NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal “Our lives will be greatly enriched by finding beauty, but we can use help in defining the many ways beauty can be manifested. This book can help us by informing us of the ways landscapes can be viewed and described from many viewpoints to place our own understanding in better perspective.” Karl Nordstrom, Geography Department, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA “How do we define and quantify a coast’s scenic value? This is the book. It begins by defining coastal scenery, then reviews the approaches to quantifying it, followed by a new fuzzy logic approach and examples. It finishes with a chapter on how to manage these attractive landscapes, many of which are being overrun and ruined by development. This is a must read for researchers who wish to evaluate and managers who wish to maintain this valuable yet intangible coastal resource.” Andrew Short, Coastal Studies Unit, Sydney University, Australia.

Coasts. --- Coastal zone management. --- Tourism. --- Coastal Sciences. --- Environmental Geography. --- Tourism Management. --- Holiday industry --- Operators, Tour (Industry) --- Tour operators (Industry) --- Tourism --- Tourism industry --- Tourism operators (Industry) --- Tourist industry --- Tourist trade --- Tourist traffic --- Travel industry --- Visitor industry --- Service industries --- National tourism organizations --- Travel --- Economic aspects --- Environmental geography. --- Management. --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization --- Geography --- Coastal landforms --- Coastal zones --- Coastlines --- Landforms --- Seashore

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This book presents the natural, environmental and scenic richness of the world’s coastal and marine areas classified by UNESCO as “Natural World Heritage Sites”. Representing well-preserved areas of exceptional significance to the planet and to humankind, they include a total of 49 marine sites, formed by reefs, atolls and gulfs, and 35 coastal sites in all oceans and all continents with exception of Antarctica. They are being protected and preserved from most degrading uses for future generations as an important legacy from the past. Exploring their richness, this book analyzes and explains these sites in a clear, understandable, scientific way, and is of interest to all who work in or care about the geosciences, environmental sciences and biosciences.

World Heritage areas. --- Coastal archaeology. --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Marine Sciences. --- Coastal Sciences. --- Geomorphology. --- Ecosystems. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- World Regional Geography (Continents, Countries, Regions). --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Coasts. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Physical geography. --- Geography --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Geomorphic geology --- Physiography --- Physical geography --- Landforms --- Coastal landforms --- Coastal zones --- Coastlines --- Seashore

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This book presents a complete account of the 19th century German immigrant Edward Cordell, a hydrographer who discovered a major seamount that was designated the Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary. The book is entirely primary source material, and offers previously unpublished material about Edward Cordell, the Cordell Bank, and numerous other events and places associated with Cordell and the United States Coast Survey. The book will be of interest to maritime researchers and historians, environmental scientists and managers, and general enthusiasts of maritime history and the U.S. Coast Survey in the mid-1800s.

Hydrographic surveying. --- Maritime surveying --- Nautical surveying --- Surveying, Marine --- Surveying --- Ocean surface topography --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Physical geography. --- Marine Sciences. --- Geology. --- Hydrogeology. --- Physical Geography. --- Coastal Sciences. --- Marine & Freshwater Sciences. --- Historical Geology. --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Ocean sciences --- Aquatic sciences --- Geography --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Coasts. --- Marine sciences. --- Freshwater. --- Historical geology. --- Geology --- Fresh waters --- Freshwater --- Freshwaters --- Inland water --- Inland waters --- Water --- Coastal landforms --- Coastal zones --- Coastlines --- Landforms --- Seashore --- Geohydrology --- Hydrology --- Groundwater

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This book demonstrates the benefits of using commercially available surfactants, or surface-active agents, for remediation of metal-contaminated soil and sediment. First the book offers theoretical reviews of commercially available surfactants, then it proceeds to a study of various available surfactants for the mobilization of metals. Surfactants representative of amphiphiles discovered in the digestive environment of sediment-ingesting organisms are used to examine the extent and rate of metal (Al, Fe, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn) mobilization from contaminated estuarine sediment. Metals can cause harmful effects to the environment and organisms. It is difficult to treat contaminants that are often tightly bound to the extremely small size of the estuarine sediments. The book also demonstrates the mechanisms of metal mobilization that appear to be related to complexation with monomers and adsorption to micelles of the anionic amphiphiles, and to the denudation of hydrophobic host phases or coatings on the sediment by micelles of both anionic and nonionic surfactants. Readers obtain a better understanding of current commercial surfactants, their impact on the environment, and possible remediation. This transdisciplinary book contributes toward Sustainable Development Goals numbers 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and 13 (Climate Action) set by the United Nations and is useful for students and teachers of sediment studies, coastal studies, environmental sciences, hydrology, civil engineering, and policy sciences.

Surface active agents. --- Bioremediation. --- Environmental chemistry. --- Soil conservation. --- Sustainable development. --- Environmental Science and Engineering. --- Environmental Chemistry. --- Coastal Sciences. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Sustainable Development. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Chemistry, Environmental --- Chemistry --- Ecology --- Environmental aspects --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Environmental sciences. --- Coasts. --- Soil science. --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Agriculture --- Earth sciences --- Coastal landforms --- Coastal zones --- Coastlines --- Landforms --- Seashore --- Environmental science --- Science