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Gene-editing technologies (e.g., ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPRs/Cas9) have been extensively used as tools in basic research. They are further applied in manufacturing agricultural products, food, industrial products, medicinal products, etc. Particularly, the discovery of medicinal products using gene-editing technologies will open a new era for human therapeutics. Though there are still many technical and ethical challenges ahead of us, more and more products based on gene-editing technologies have been approved for marketing. These technologies are promising for multiple applications. Their development and implications should be explored in the broadest context possible. Future research directions should also be highlighted. In this book, the applications, perspectives, and challenges of gene-editing technologies are significantly demonstrated and discussed.

Gene editing. --- Editing, Gene --- Editing, Genome --- Genome editing --- Genetic engineering --- Medical genetics

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Early in 1965 a group of scholars in the University of Toronto conceived the idea of a continuing conference on editorial problems at which scholars actively at work upon editorial tasks could come together for a free discussion of their work, learning from each other's experience, pooling their common intellectual resources, and seeking out expert opinion and counsel. This volume contains most of the papers presented at the first conference, held in October 1965, in St. Michael's College and University College in the University of Toronto, focusing on the editing of sixteenth-century texts. Among those who attended the Conference were scholars from such diverse disciplines as English and French literatures, Islamic studies, history, bibliography, drama, and others. The papers presented represent varying approaches to editing, but all reflect a sense of dedication of the editor. The first two papers in this volume firmly stress dramatic and poetic editing, and place English and French side by side from the point of view of the modern editor, with many ideas a possibilities thrown out for the beginning scholar. The next two, concentrating on Erasmus and More, introduce humanistic concerns, and chart some of the problems of sixteenth-century editors and translators themselves. In the final two essays, newer ground is broken, first in the study of a publisher in Lyon, with its new documentation of the economics and sociology of sixteenth-century publishing, and its intriguing material on international book trade; the final essay discusses the Frankfurt Book Fair, and the publication of Zeitungen. Richard J. Schoeck has contributed an Introduction from which the following remarks are taken. "'By common consent the constitution of an author's text is the highest aim that a scholar can set before himself: this is the dictum, R.C. Bald has stressed, of a classical scholar, 'and a classical scholar is far more acutely conscious than a student of the modern literatures that for over two thousand years the preservation and elucidation of the texts of the great writers has been the primary concern of literary study.' To the novice, there may be an 'exquisite tedium' in the work of an editor; but the experienced scholar will know that the role of an editor is always at least 'the fastidious one of entremetteur' and to the dedicated the words of John Burnet above will not seem too extravagant." By bringing together the views of experiences of a distinguished group of scholars on editorial approaches to a variety of material this volume will provide valuable background for anyone interested in the editing of texts.

Editing. --- Literature, Modern --- Criticism, Textual.

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International uproar followed the recent announcement of the birth of twin girls whose genomes had been edited with a breakthrough DNA editing-technology. This technology, called clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats or CRISPR-Cas9, can alter any DNA, including DNA in embryos, meaning that changes can be passed to the offspring of the person that embryo becomes. Should we use gene editing technologies to change ourselves, our children, and future generations to come? The potential uses of CRISPR-Cas9 and other gene editing technologies are unprecedented in human history. By using these technologies, we eradicate certain dreadful diseases. Altering human DNA, however, raises enormously difficult questions. Some of these questions are about safety: Can these technologies be deployed without posing an unreasonable risk of physical harm to current and future generations? Can all physical risks be adequately assessed, and responsibly managed? But gene editing technologies also raise other moral questions, which touch on deeply held, personal, cultural, and societal values: Might such technologies redefine what it means to be healthy, or normal, or cherished? Might they undermine relationships between parents and children, or exacerbate the gap between the haves and have-nots? The broadest form of this second kind of question is the focus of this book: What might gene editing―and related technologies―mean for human flourishing? In the new essays collected here, an interdisciplinary group of scholars asks age―old questions about the nature and well-being of humans in the context of a revolutionary new biotechnology―one that has the potential to change the genetic make-up of both existing people and future generations. Welcoming readers who study related issues and those not yet familiar with the formal study of bioethics, the authors of these essays open up a conversation about the ethics of gene editing. It is through this conversation that citizens can influence laws and the distribution of funding for science and medicine, that professional leaders can shape understanding and use of gene editing and related technologies by scientists, patients, and practitioners, and that individuals can make decisions about their own lives and the lives of their families.

Gene Editing --- Humanism --- Quality of Life --- Happiness

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Epitranscriptomics --- RNA methylation --- Psuedourylation --- RNA Editing --- RNA

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"The textual foundations of works of great cultural significance are often less stable than one would wish them to be. No work of Homer, Dante or Shakespeare survives in utterly reliable witnesses, be they papyri, manuscripts or printed editions. Notions of textual authority have varied considerably across the ages under the influence of different (and differently motivated) agents, such as scribes, annotators, editors, correctors, grammarians, printers and publishers, over and above the authors themselves. The need for preserving the written legacy of peoples and nations as faithfully as possible has always been counterbalanced by a duty to ensure its accessibility to successive generations at different times and in different cultural contexts. The ten chapters collected in this volume offer critical approaches to such authors and texts as Homer, the Bible, The Thousand and One Nights, Dante, Montaigne, Shakespeare, Eliot, but also Leonardo da Vinci's manuscripts uniquely combining word and image, as well as Beethoven's 'Tempest' sonata (Op. 31, No. 2) as seen from the angle of music as text. Together the contributors argue that an awareness of what the 'life of texts' entails is essential for a critical understanding of the transmission of culture."--Bloomsbury Publishing The textual foundations of works of great cultural significance are often less stable than one would wish them to be. No work of Homer, Dante or Shakespeare survives in utterly reliable witnesses, be they papyri, manuscripts or printed editions. Notions of textual authority have varied considerably across the ages under the influence of different (and differently motivated) agents, such as scribes, annotators, editors, correctors, grammarians, printers and publishers, over and above the authors themselves. The need for preserving the written legacy of peoples and nations as faithfully as possible has always been counterbalanced by a duty to ensure its accessibility to successive generations at different times and in different cultural contexts. The ten chapters collected in this volume offer critical approaches to such authors and texts as Homer, the Bible, The Thousand and One Nights, Dante, Montaigne, Shakespeare, Eliot, but also Leonardo da Vinci's manuscripts uniquely combining word and image, as well as Beethoven's 'Tempest' sonata (Op. 31, No. 2) as seen from the angle of music as text. Together the contributors argue that an awareness of what the 'life of texts' entails is essential for a critical understanding of the transmission of culture

Transmission of texts. --- Manuscripts --- Reproduction. --- Editing.