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Floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) technology is considered commercially viable, given the number of largescale projects that have been implemented. Challenges to its deployment remain, however, including the lack of a robust track record; uncertainty about costs; uncertainty about the environmental impact; and the technical complexity of designing, building, and operating on and in water (especially electrical safety, anchoring and mooring issues, and operation and maintenance). This handbook provides developers, utilities, contractors, investors, regulators, and decision makers with practical guidelines on FPV projects. Most of the handbook focuses on technical aspects relating to developing and operating FPV projects; some sections focus on commercial and legal aspects. Most of the observations are made for inland water bodies or near-shore coastal FPV installations. Many observations incorporate learning and opinions from the industry, but they are also based on the experience from the 1 megawatt-peak (MWp) floating solar testbed in the Tengeh Reservoir in Singapore. The testbed has a comprehensive monitoring system that tracks more than 500 parameters in real time, ranging from electrical to meteorological and module-related factors. Given the early stage development of the technology, this handbook cannot answer all questions about FPV. Further studies and field data analysis are needed to better understand some of the risks of FPV systems, especially their environmental impact and long-term performance. All recommendations provided in this report are based on past and current experiences, which are limited to several years of operating data for most projects. A longer operating lifetime of FPV installations will lead to new and improved recommendations and best practices; new developments in technology,testing, certification, and equipment/materials deployed are likely to evolve as the industry grows and diversifies. An active dialogue among all stakeholders, public and private, is required to further the global understanding of FPV technologies and the development of well-designed projects while minimizing possible negative environmental and social impacts. Through this handbook, the World Bank Group, the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), and the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) hope to contribute to this goal and to disseminate lessons learned from early projects.

Energy --- Energy Efficiency --- Solar Energy

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This book discusses dynamic modeling, simulation, and control strategies for Photovoltaic (PV) stand-alone systems during variation of environmental conditions. Moreover, the effectiveness of the implemented Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques and the employed control strategy are evaluated during variations of solar irradiance and cell temperature. The simulation results are based on the reliability of the MPPT techniques applied in extracting the maximum power from the PV system during the rapid variation of the environmental conditions. The authors review two MPPT techniques implemented in PV systems, namely the perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT Technique and the Incremental Conductance (InCond) MPPT technique. These two MPPT techniques were simulated by the MATLAB/Simulink and the results response of the PV array from voltage, current, and power are compared to the effect of solar irradiation and temperature change. Discusses dynamic modeling, simulation, and control strategy of PV stand-alone systems during variation of the environmental conditions; Evaluates the effectiveness of the implemented Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques and the employed control strategy, during variations of solar irradiance and the cell temperature; Simulates two MPPT techniques using MATLAB/Simulink and compares the response of the PV array from voltage, current, and power to the effect of solar irradiation and temperature change; Describes an efficient control strategy to enhance the Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System (BS-HESS), appropriate for PV stand-alone systems.

Renewable energy resources. --- Energy storage. --- Energy efficiency. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Energy Storage. --- Energy Efficiency.

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Carbon pricing is increasingly recognized as an important source of government revenue. Carbon revenues can be crucial in supporting cost-effective climate mitigation, industrial competitiveness and other economic and development objectives. How carbon revenues are used and how these uses are communicated are also critical for public and stakeholder acceptability of carbon pricing. This report provides practical guidance on using carbon revenues by helping policymakers understand the implications, opportunities, and challenges associated with different approaches to carbon revenue use.

Cash Transfers --- Climate Change --- Energy Efficiency --- Fiscal Policy

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This book sheds light on environmental control in buildings from the 17th century onwards. Even before building services became a hallmark of buildings, in order to address increasing sanitary and comfort needs, pioneering experiences had contributed to improve design skills of professionals. After long being determined by passive features, indoor climate became influenced by installations and plants, representing the most significant shift of paradigm in the modern age’s construction history. This change was not without consequences, and the book presents contributions showing the deep connection between architectural design, comfort requirements and environmental awareness throughout the 19th century. Taking into account the differences between different European countries, the book is a valuable resource for architects, designers and heritage professionals who are interested in environmental design, enabling them to develop a deeper knowledge of heritage in order to address to climate demands, particularly going towards a future in which energy savings and fuel consumption reduction will dictate our behaviour. It includes contributions by leading international experts: Melanie Bauernfeind, Marco Cofani, Lino Vittorio Bozzetto, Emmanuelle Gallo, Alberto Grimoldi, Dean Hawkes, Angelo Giuseppe Landi, Mattias Legnér, Oriel Prizeman, and Henrik Schoenefeldt.

Buildings --- Environmental engineering --- History. --- Edifices --- Halls --- Structures --- Architecture --- Technology-History. --- Building Physics, HVAC. --- History of Technology. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Building construction. --- Technology—History. --- Energy efficiency. --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Power resources --- Energy conservation

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Das Buch vermittelt einen Überblick über die Technologien zur Planung und Errichtung energieautarker Gebäude. Energieautarke Gebäude sind Bauwerke, die sowohl über Technik für die Energiegestehung als auch die Speicherung und das Energiemanagement verfügen. Auf diese Weise soll direkt am Gebäude so viel Energie generiert werden, wie die Bewohner verbrauchen. Sie bilden damit ein bedeutsames Element für ein kleines, dezentrales Energieerzeugungs- und -speichersystem. Die Basis dezentraler, intelligenter Gebäudeenergieversorgung bildet das Niederenergie- bzw. Passivhaus. Als wichtige Bausteine werden unter anderem vorgestellt: · regenerative Energiewandler wie Solarzellen, Sonnenkollektoren und Kleinwindkraftanlagen · Energiespeichersysteme für die Wasserstoffspeicherung , elektrische Speichersysteme, Erdspeicher · Wärmepumpen · Brennstoffzellen zur Nutzung von Wasserstoffenergie · zukunftsweisende Konzepte wie fassadenintegrierte Photobioreaktoren · Energiemanagementsysteme Der Inhalt Passivhausgestaltung.- Photobioreaktoren.- Solarzellen.- Solarkollektoren.- Windkraftanlagen.- Brennstoffzellen.- Speichersysteme.- Energie-Management. Die Zielgruppen Das Buch wendet sich an Bauingenieure, Umweltingenieure sowie Heiz- und Lüftungsingenieure. Zudem eignet es sich als Lehr- und Nachschlagewerk für Studierende der Fachrichtungen Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Physik. Der Autor Prof. Dr. Hartmut Frey studierte Physik, Elektrotechnik und Maschinenbau und promovierte an der Universität Stuttgart. Anschließend war er Entwicklungsleiter der Leybold-Heraeus GmbH (AG). Seit 1979 war er zunächst Leiter und ist heute Senior Consultant des Instituts für Vakuum- und Ionenstrahltechnologie IVT in Esslingen. Er hat zahlreiche Bücher und Artikel veröffentlicht und wurde unter anderem mit dem Karl-Theodor-Vogel-Preis ausgezeichnet.

Energy efficiency. --- Building construction. --- Buildings—Design and construction. --- Building. --- Construction. --- Engineering, Architectural. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Building Physics, HVAC. --- Building Construction and Design.