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Les établissements scolaires sont en train d'être rénovés. Ce travail cible une typologie précise, celle d'un bâtiment où l'enveloppe est non porteuse. Le document analyse des projets de rénovation afin d'en maîtriser la phase préparatoire. L'objectif est d'anticiper les aléas du chantier par une série d'arbres décisionnels, orientés sur le réemploi et la valorisation des matériaux.

Rénovation --- Façades --- Déconstruction --- Réemploi --- Bâtiments scolaires --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Architecture

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A la croisée des XIXe et XXe siècles, Liège est dans une forme économique sans précédent : nous sommes face à une évolution de la société avec le développement de l’industrie : les ouvriers arrivent en ville pour travailler dans les usines et les nouveaux bourgeois industriels se construisent de riches demeures en ville. Forte de ce développement, Liège organisme même l’Exposition universelle de 1905, coïncidant avec les 75 ans de l’indépendance nationale. 
C’est dans ce contexte que se développe l’Art Nouveau : non seulement à Liège, bien que plus tardivement qu’à Bruxelles ; mais aussi dans le reste de la Belgique et des pays voisins. 
Parmi les architectures Art Nouveau liégeoises, je m’intéresse à la production de Maurice Devignée, et plus précisément sa période Art Nouveau : du début de sa carrière en 1905 jusqu’environ 1913, à la veille de la première guerre mondiale. 
Partant d’un répertoire de bâtiments le plus étoffé possible, j’opère à une lecture de leurs façades, principal lieu d’expression de l’architecte. Avec cette étude, classée par année, j’essaye de comprendre l’évolution de l’architecte et de son style architectural, avant d’opérer à une synthèse de celle-ci, tout en identifiant le côté éclectique de la production de Maurice Devignée ; et en espérant le meilleur pour ce patrimoine parfois tristement délaissé.

Art Nouveau --- Liège --- Devignée --- Façades --- Composition --- Eclectisme --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Architecture

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Timo Carl presents alternatives to curtain wall facades and other flat boundaries creating autonomous spaces. He investigates facade typologies with multiple material layers to strategize the relationship between buildings and their environment. By revisiting Le Corbusier´s seminal brise soleil an alternative reading of the modern project emerges: one that is not based on classical compositional rules, but instead on the dynamic relationships with environmental forces. Finally, an exciting series of project-based investigations sets out innovative ways in which novel deep skins combine energy-conscious performance with the poetics of architecture. Contents Ecologies of Skin and Depth in Architecture From Modernist Skins to Atmospheres Le Corbusier and the Sun Ecologies of Encounter – Project-based Investigations Target Groups Lecturers and students in the field of architecture Architects and Practitioners in the field of ecological construction The Author Timo Carl is an architect and Assistant Professor at the Department of Experimental Design and Construction at the University of Kassel, Germany. His research interest includes the symbiosis of ecology and aesthetics in architecture. His work has been internationally exhibited and part of this research was honoured with the prestigious ´Blauer Kompass´ award of the German Federal Environmental Agency.

Facades. --- Facades --- Design and construction. --- Architectural fronts --- Fronts (Architecture) --- Architecture --- Exterior walls --- Details --- Architecture. --- Architectural History and Theory. --- Building Types and Functions. --- Design, general. --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Buildings --- Construction --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Art --- Building --- Design and construction --- Buildings. --- Design. --- Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.) --- Edifices --- Halls --- Structures --- Architecture, Primitive --- Built environment

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The combination of global warming and urban sprawl is the origin of the most hazardous climate change effect detected at urban level: Urban Heat Island, representing the urban overheating respect to the countryside surrounding the city. This book includes 18 papers representing the state of the art of detection, assessment mitigation and adaption to urban overheating. Advanced methods, strategies and technologies are here analyzed including relevant issues as: the role of urban materials and fabrics on urban climate and their potential mitigation, the impact of greenery and vegetation to reduce urban temperatures and improve the thermal comfort, the role the urban geometry in the air temperature rise, the use of satellite and ground data to assess and quantify the urban overheating and develop mitigation solutions, calculation methods and application to predict and assess mitigation scenarios. The outcomes of the book are thus relevant for a wide multidisciplinary audience, including: environmental scientists and engineers, architect and urban planners, policy makers and students.

emissivity --- mobile temperature observations --- urban heat island --- urban vegetation --- urban overheating --- spectral analysis --- Beirut --- urban heat island index --- land surface temperature --- ENVI-met --- air quality --- albedo --- climatic perception --- overheating --- urbanization --- road surface --- “cold spots” --- Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) --- urban remote sensing --- local climate zone --- cooling technologies --- Weather Research and Forecasting model --- cool surfaces --- outdoor thermal comfort --- energy savings --- air temperature --- measurement --- urbanized WRF --- mitigation measures --- Euramet --- heat health --- surface cool island effect --- urban-climate archipelago --- sky view factor --- urban climate archipelago --- open science --- cool roofs --- urban energy balance --- road lighting --- urban climatology --- material characterization --- urban climate --- thermal comfort --- air and surface temperature measurements --- cool pavements --- multi-objective optimization --- empirical line method --- calculation --- urban cooling --- multifractal analysis --- urban heat mitigation --- genetic algorithm --- heat stress --- “hot spots” --- subtropical climate --- EMPIR 16NRM02 --- building energy performance --- multiple linear regression --- built-up area --- thermal emittance --- urban morphology --- cost-optimal analysis --- building retrofit --- sustainability --- mitigation strategies --- luminance coefficient --- office buildings --- GIS --- structure functions analysis --- solar reflectance --- park cool island --- solar reflectance index --- urban open space --- building scale --- meteorological modeling --- shading --- surface albedo --- summer heat stress --- cool materials --- land cover fraction --- micro-climate simulations --- energy simulation --- urban microclimate --- urban development --- Physiologically Equivalent Temperature --- cool facades --- green area --- ageing --- MODIS downscaling --- spectral reflectance --- fine-resolution meteorological modeling --- urban areas --- morphological indicator --- lifecycle analysis --- non-constructible parcels --- WRF-Chem

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The combination of global warming and urban sprawl is the origin of the most hazardous climate change effect detected at urban level: Urban Heat Island, representing the urban overheating respect to the countryside surrounding the city. This book includes 18 papers representing the state of the art of detection, assessment mitigation and adaption to urban overheating. Advanced methods, strategies and technologies are here analyzed including relevant issues as: the role of urban materials and fabrics on urban climate and their potential mitigation, the impact of greenery and vegetation to reduce urban temperatures and improve the thermal comfort, the role the urban geometry in the air temperature rise, the use of satellite and ground data to assess and quantify the urban overheating and develop mitigation solutions, calculation methods and application to predict and assess mitigation scenarios. The outcomes of the book are thus relevant for a wide multidisciplinary audience, including: environmental scientists and engineers, architect and urban planners, policy makers and students.

emissivity --- mobile temperature observations --- urban heat island --- urban vegetation --- urban overheating --- spectral analysis --- Beirut --- urban heat island index --- land surface temperature --- ENVI-met --- air quality --- albedo --- climatic perception --- overheating --- urbanization --- road surface --- “cold spots” --- Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) --- urban remote sensing --- local climate zone --- cooling technologies --- Weather Research and Forecasting model --- cool surfaces --- outdoor thermal comfort --- energy savings --- air temperature --- measurement --- urbanized WRF --- mitigation measures --- Euramet --- heat health --- surface cool island effect --- urban-climate archipelago --- sky view factor --- urban climate archipelago --- open science --- cool roofs --- urban energy balance --- road lighting --- urban climatology --- material characterization --- urban climate --- thermal comfort --- air and surface temperature measurements --- cool pavements --- multi-objective optimization --- empirical line method --- calculation --- urban cooling --- multifractal analysis --- urban heat mitigation --- genetic algorithm --- heat stress --- “hot spots” --- subtropical climate --- EMPIR 16NRM02 --- building energy performance --- multiple linear regression --- built-up area --- thermal emittance --- urban morphology --- cost-optimal analysis --- building retrofit --- sustainability --- mitigation strategies --- luminance coefficient --- office buildings --- GIS --- structure functions analysis --- solar reflectance --- park cool island --- solar reflectance index --- urban open space --- building scale --- meteorological modeling --- shading --- surface albedo --- summer heat stress --- cool materials --- land cover fraction --- micro-climate simulations --- energy simulation --- urban microclimate --- urban development --- Physiologically Equivalent Temperature --- cool facades --- green area --- ageing --- MODIS downscaling --- spectral reflectance --- fine-resolution meteorological modeling --- urban areas --- morphological indicator --- lifecycle analysis --- non-constructible parcels --- WRF-Chem