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BACKGROUND: 1. Complementary feeding is the process that starts when human milk or infant formula is complemented by other foods and beverages, beginning during infancy and typically continuing to 24 months of age.2. This systematic review was conducted by the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team as part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project.3. The goal of this systematic review was to answer the following research question: What is the relationship between timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages and micronutrient status? CONCLUSION STATEMENT AND GRADES: 1. Moderate evidence suggests that introducing complementary foods and beverages at 4 months of age compared to 6 months of age offers no long term advantages or disadvantages in terms of iron status among healthy, full-term infants who are breastfed, fed iron fortified formula, or both. (Grade: Moderate - Iron Status)2. There is not enough evidence to determine the relationship between timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages and zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, or fatty acid status. (Grade: Grade Not Assignable - Zinc, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, Folate, and Fatty Acid Status) METHODS: 1. The systematic review was conducted by a team of staff from the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review in collaboration with a Technical Expert Collaborative.2. A literature search was conducted using 4 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed) to identify articles published from January 1980 to March 2016 that examined the age when complementary foods and beverages (CFB) were first introduced and micronutrient status. CFB were defined as foods and beverages other than human milk or infant formula provided to an infant or young child. Micronutrient status outcomes included iron, zinc, vitamin B12, folate, vitamin D, and/or folate status. A manual search was done to identify articles that may not have been included in the electronic databases searched. Articles were screened in a dual manner, independently by 2 NESR analysts, to determine which articles met predetermined criteria for inclusion.3. Data from each included article were extracted, risks of bias were assessed, and both were checked for accuracy. The body of evidence was qualitatively synthesized, a conclusion statement was developed, and the strength of the evidence (grade) was assessed using pre-established criteria including evaluation of the internal validity/risk of bias, adequacy, consistency, impact, and generalizability of available evidence. SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE: 1. Nine studies published from 1/1980 to 3/2016 met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review, with most studies examining the relationship between timing of introduction of CFB and iron status. Few studies examined zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, and/or fatty acid status.2. The majority of studies reported no significant associations between timing of CFB introduction and micronutrient status.3. Additional factors that need to be considered in examining the relationship between the age at which CFB are introduced and micronutrient status include: birth weight, post-natal growth, type of feeding (breast, formula, or mixed feedings), iron stores at birth, and intake and absorption of iron from sources other than human milk, including types and amounts of CFB being consumed.

Infants --- Nutrition.

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Le développement du bébé : de la vie foetale à la marche offre une vision synthétique et pluridisciplinaire des connaissances actuelles sur le développement du nourrisson. Il en détaille tous les aspects – sensoriel, psychomoteur, cognitif, affectif et social – et les met en perspective dans le cadre de leurs principales théories en vigueur dans le domaine de la petite enfance et de la pratique clinique actuelle.

Nourrissons --- Infants --- Développment. --- Development

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Inuit children. --- Inuit infants.

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L'accueil de la petite enfance fait l'objet d'un véritable effort politique dans notre pays et plus largement en Europe. La notion d'investissement social dans la petite enfance, au même titre que dans l'école, témoigne du souci de lutter contre les inégalités sociales. Pourtant les professionnels qui prennent soin des tout-petits ne bénéficient pas de la reconnaissance qu'ils méritent. Un flou demeure sur la nature de leur travail quotidien et sur les compétences nécessaires pour assurer un accueil de qualité aux bébés et à leurs parents. Cet ouvrage rend compte de différentes études qui explorent les multiples facettes de ces professions et des personnes qui s'y engagent : comment entrent-elles dans le métier ? En quoi consiste concrètement l'activité d'accueil des jeunes enfants ? Qu'est ce que faire du « bon travail » auprès des enfants ? Comment vivent-elles leur activité ? Comment font-elles face aux évolutions de leur métier ? En levant le voile sur le vécu des professionnels de la petite enfance, les auteurs questionnent politiques et représentations sociales. Ils montrent que ces métiers ont une place importante à tenir sur la scène des défis éducatifs d'un monde changeant, ouvert, où l'accueil des enfants est une mission essentielle.

Child care. --- Infants --- Care.

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Pediatric Surgery, Flowcharts and Clinical Algorithms is an updated review of some common pediatric surgical problems. The authors of the chapters have made a full review of the selected topics including the basic science facts necessary for the proper understanding of conditions (anatomy, physiology and embryology), such as gastrointestinal disorders, abdominal wall defects, choledochal cysts, and others, with special emphasis on antenatal diagnosis and management.A flow chart (or management algorithm) is included to facilitate decision making in choice of the proper diagnostic tools or the most efficient surgical (or non-surgical) strategy.The book is intended for pediatric surgeons, pediatricians, and researchers in any of the topics included.

Pediatric tomography. --- Infants --- Surgery.