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Le virus de la maladie d’Ebola est un virus de la famille des Filoviridae. Ce virus entraine une fièvre hémorragique souvent fatale chez l’homme, mais aussi dans d’autres espèces animales, en particulier les primates non humains. Depuis les années 2000, l’Afrique centrale et de l’ouest subissent des épidémies de plus en plus fréquentes. De plus en plus d’études se portent sur le rôle potentiel des chiens, ainsi que des porcs dans la transmission du virus. Dans ce texte, nous passons en revue plusieurs articles scientifiques afin de rassembler des données sur la réceptivité et la sensibilité de ces espèces, ainsi que sur leur rôle dans la transmission de la maladie d’Ebola. Il ressort de cette recherche que le chien serait moins réceptif à l’infection par le virus Ebola. Néanmoins, ces conclusions étant tirées d’une étude in vitro et le chien étant un animal proche de l’homme, il est judicieux de quand même considérer le chien comme une potentielle source du virus. D’autres études étant nécessaires pour mieux évaluer le risque pour l’homme. Pour le porc, de nombreuses recherches dans le passé ont déjà montré une réceptivité à l’espèce Reston et Zaïre et une sensibilité à l’espèce Zaïre du virus. Il a été également démontré que le porc pouvait transmettre l’Ebolavirus Reston à l’homme et à d’autres porcs, et l’Ebolavirus Zaïre à d’autres animaux. Au vu de la demande croissante de viande de porc, de la prévalence des porcs sauvages et des conditions de détention des porcs domestiques en Afrique, il est nécessaire de considérer le porc comme étant une espèce importante dans la transmission de la maladie d’Ebola à l’homme. Le développement récent de tests sérologiques sensibles et spécifiques chez le porc pour la détection du virus pourrait permettre de faire des enquêtes de terrain afin d’évaluer la prévalence du virus au sein de la population porcine (sauvage et domestique) en Afrique. Ebolavirus is a virus belonging to the Filoviridae family. This virus usually causes a fatal haemorrhagic fever in humans, as well as other animal species, especially non-human primates. Since the year 2000, central and west Africa suffers more and more frequent outbreaks of this virus. An increasing number of studies focus on the potential role of dogs as well as pigs in the transmission of the virus. For this text, we reviewed scientific articles in order to assemble facts on the receptivity and sensibility of these species, as well as their role in the transmission of this haemorrhagic fever. This research brought out that dogs are less receptive to the Ebolavirus. Nevertheless, these results come from an in-vitro experiment and dogs are animals that are close to humans. Therefore, it is judicious to consider dogs as a potential source of the virus for humans. Other studies are necessary to better evaluate the risk they pose to humans. For pigs, numerous researches in the past have shown receptivity for the Reston and Zaïre species of the virus, and sensibility to the Zaïre species. It was also demonstrated that pigs could transmit Reston Ebolavirus to humans and other pigs and Zaïre Ebolavirus to other animal species. Because of the increasing demand for pork meat, of the prevalence of wild pigs and of the conditions of detention of domestic pigs in Africa it is necessary to consider pigs as being an important species in the transmission of Ebola haemorrhagic fever to humans. The recent development of sensitive and specific serological tests for the detection of Ebolavirus in pigs could allow us to carry out field investigations to evaluate the prevalence of Ebolavirus in the pig population (wild and domestic) in Africa.

Ebola --- pigs --- dogs --- receptivity --- sensibility --- transmission --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale

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"Pigs are everywhere in United States history. They cleared frontiers and built cities (notably Cincinnati, once known as Porkopolis), served as an early form of welfare, and were at the center of two nineteenth-century "pig wars." American pork fed the hemisphere; lard literally greased the wheels of capitalism. J.L. Anderson has written an ambitious history of pigs and pig products from the Columbian exchange to the present, emphasizing critical stories of production, consumption, and waste in American history. He examines different cultural assumptions about pigs to provide a window into the nation's regional, racial, and class fault lines, and maps where pigs are (and are not) to reveal a deep history of the American landscape. A contribution to American history, food studies, agricultural history, and animal studies, Capitalist Pigs is an accessible, deeply researched, and often surprising portrait of one of the planet's most consequential interspecies relationships"--

Swine --- Swine industry --- Swine trade --- Animal industry --- Domestic pig --- Hogs --- Pig --- Pig farming --- Pigs --- Sus domestica --- Sus domesticus --- Sus scrofa domestica --- Sus scrofa domesticus --- Livestock --- Sus --- History.

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The One Health concept recognizes that the health of humans, animals, and their ecosystems are interconnected, and that a coordinated, collaborative, multidisciplinary, and cross-sectoral approach is necessary to fully understand and respond to potential or existing risks that originate at the animal–human–ecosystems interfaces. Thus, the One Health concept represents a holistic vision for addressing some of the complex challenges that threaten human and animal health, food safety, and the environments in which diseases flourish. There are many examples showing how the health of humans is related to the health of animals and the environment. Diseases shared between humans and animals are zoonoses. Some zoonoses have been known for many years, whereas others have emerged suddenly and unexpectedly. Over 70% of all new emerging diseases over the past few decades have been zoonoses that have emerged from wildlife, most often from bats, rodents, or birds. Examples of zoonoses are many and varied, ranging from rabies to bovine tuberculosis, and from Japanese encephalitis to SARS. Clearly, a One Health approach is essential for understanding their ecology, and for outbreak response and the development of control strategies. However, the One Health concept and approach is much broader than zoonoses; it extends to including antimicrobial resistance, food safety, and environmental health and, consequently, impacts on global health security, economic wellbeing, and international trade. It is this breadth of One Health that connects the papers in this Special Issue.

n/a --- descriptive epidemiology --- antimicrobials --- real-time PCR --- guinea pigs --- pandemic --- vector-borne disease --- Ebola virus --- transmission --- antimicrobial resistance --- serology --- microbats --- smallholder farming --- WHO --- AMR --- Clostridium difficile --- zoonoses --- water --- zoonosis --- scrub typhus --- Q fever --- emerging disease --- antibiotics --- clinical pattern --- food chain --- influenza --- pyrogenicity --- Western Australia --- Brucella abortus --- Luminex --- epidemiology --- Joint External Evaluation (JEE) --- prevalence --- Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) --- World Trade Organization (WTO) --- urban livestock keeping --- surveillance --- human --- C. burnetii --- Australian bat lyssavirus --- One Health --- wildlife --- emerging infectious diseases --- mosquito --- Codex --- international health regulations --- swine --- environment --- trade --- Asia --- infrastructure --- Japanese encephalitis virus --- Australia --- incidence