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"As 'market referees,' regulators contribute to the delivery of essential public utilities. Their organisational culture, behaviour and governance are important factors in how regulators, and the sectors they oversee, perform. This report uses the OECD Performance Assessment Framework for Economic Regulators (PAFER) to assess both the internal and external governance of Peru's Supervisory Agency for Private Investment in Telecommunications (OSIPTEL). The review acknowledges OSIPTEL's achievements and good practices, analyses the key drivers of its performance, and proposes an integrated reform package to help the regulator prepare for the future."--Page 4 of cover.

Telecommunication policy --- Telecommunication policy. --- Peru. --- Telecommunication --- Telecommunication and state --- Government policy --- Bīrū --- Dēmokratia tou Perou --- Gweriniaeth Periw --- Jumhūrī-i Purū --- Jumhūrīyat Bīrū --- Lýðveldið Peru --- Pearu --- Peiriú --- Periw --- Pérou --- Peru ka Fasojamana --- Perú Kiōng-hô-kok --- Peru Respublikası --- Perua Respubliko --- Peruánská republika --- Peruko Errepublika --- Perun tasavalta --- Peruo --- Peruu --- Peruu Vabariik --- Pheroo --- Piru --- Piruw --- Piruw Suyu --- Pobblaght ny Peroo --- Purū --- Republic of Peru --- República del Perú --- Republica di u Perù --- República do Perú --- República Peruana --- Republiek van Peru --- Republik Peru --- Republika Peru --- Republikken Peru --- République du Pérou --- Rėspublika Peru --- Περού --- Δημοκρατία του Περού --- Рэспубліка Перу --- Република Перу --- Перу --- بيرو --- جمهورية بيرو --- پرو --- ペルー --- Peru-Bolivian Confederation

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"Beginning in the 1950s, an explosion in rural-urban migration dramatically increased the population of cities throughout Peru, leading to an acute housing shortage and the proliferation of self-built shelters clustered in barriadas, or squatter settlements. Improvised Cities examines the history of aided self-help housing, or technical assistance to self-builders, which took on a variety of forms in Peru from 1954 to 1986. While the postwar period saw a number of trial projects in aided self-help housing throughout the developing world, Peru was the site of significant experiments in this field and pioneering in its efforts to enact a large-scale policy of land tenure regularization in improvised, unauthorized cities. Gyger focuses on three interrelated themes: the circumstances that made Peru a fertile site for innovation in low-cost housing under a succession of very different political regimes; the influences on, and movements within, architectural culture that prompted architects to consider self-help housing as an alternative mode of practice; and the context in which international development agencies came to embrace these projects as part of their larger goals during the Cold War and beyond."

Cities and towns --- Architecture --- Urbanization --- Cities and towns, Movement to --- Urban development --- Urban systems --- Social history --- Sociology, Rural --- Sociology, Urban --- Urban policy --- Rural-urban migration --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban areas --- Human settlements --- Self-help housing --- Squatter settlements --- Informal settlements (Squatter settlements) --- Irregular settlements --- Settlements, Spontaneous --- Settlements, Squatter --- Shack towns --- Shanty towns --- Shantytowns --- Spontaneous settlements --- Uncontrolled settlements --- Slums --- Housing --- E-books --- Peru. --- Bīr --- Dēmokratia tou Perou --- Gweriniaeth Periw --- Jumhūrī-i Pur --- Jumhūrīyat Bīr --- Lýðveldið Peru --- Pearu --- Peiri --- Periw --- Pérou --- Peru ka Fasojamana --- Perú Kiōng-hô-kok --- Peru Respublikası --- Perua Respubliko --- Peruánská republika --- Peruko Errepublika --- Perun tasavalta --- Peruo --- Peruu --- Peruu Vabariik --- Pheroo --- Piru --- Piruw --- Piruw Suyu --- Pobblaght ny Peroo --- Pur --- Republic of Peru --- República del Per --- Republica di u Per --- República do Per --- República Peruana --- Republiek van Peru --- Republik Peru --- Republika Peru --- Republikken Peru --- République du Pérou --- Rėspublika Peru --- South America --- Autoconstruction --- Bidonvilles

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"Colonial Loyalties is an insightful study of how Lima's residents engaged in civic festivities in the eighteenth century. Scholarship on festive culture in colonial Latin America has largely centered on 'fiestas' as an ideal medium through which the colonizing Iberians naturalized their power. María Soledad Barbón contends that this perspective addresses only one side of the equation, demonstrating how colonial festivals, in addition to reaffirming the power of the monarch and that of his viceroy, opened up opportunities for his subjects. Civic festivities were a means for the populace to strengthen and renegotiate their relationship with the Crown. They also provided the city's inhabitants with a chance to voice their needs and to define their position within colonial society, reasserting their key position in the Spanish empire with respect to other competing cities in the Americas."--

International relations. --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- 1700-1799 --- Lima (Peru) --- Peru --- Spain --- Peru. --- Spain. --- Espagne --- Espainiako Erresuma --- España --- Espanha --- Espanja --- Espanya --- Estado Español --- Hispania --- Hiszpania --- Isupania --- Kingdom of Spain --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Reino de España --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanie --- Shpanye --- Spanien --- Spanish State --- Supein --- Bīr --- Dēmokratia tou Perou --- Gweriniaeth Periw --- Jumhūrī-i Pur --- Jumhūrīyat Bīr --- Lýðveldið Peru --- Pearu --- Peiri --- Periw --- Pérou --- Peru ka Fasojamana --- Perú Kiōng-hô-kok --- Peru Respublikası --- Perua Respubliko --- Peruánská republika --- Peruko Errepublika --- Perun tasavalta --- Peruo --- Peruu --- Peruu Vabariik --- Pheroo --- Piru --- Piruw --- Piruw Suyu --- Pobblaght ny Peroo --- Pur --- Republic of Peru --- República del Per --- Republica di u Per --- República do Per --- República Peruana --- Republiek van Peru --- Republik Peru --- Republika Peru --- Republikken Peru --- République du Pérou --- Rėspublika Peru --- South America --- イスパニア --- スペイン --- Bīrū --- Jumhūrī-i Purū --- Jumhūrīyat Bīrū --- Peiriú --- Purū --- República del Perú --- Republica di u Perù --- República do Perú --- Περού --- Δημοκρατία του Περού --- Рэспубліка Перу --- Република Перу --- Перу --- بيرو --- جمهورية بيرو --- پرو --- ペルー --- Peru-Bolivian Confederation --- Ciudad de los Reyes (Peru) --- Chorrillos (Peru) --- Social life and customs --- History --- Relations --- Colonies

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Devoted to research and scholarship in science and knowledge in general as well as the organization of intellectual work.

Electronic journals --- Social Sciences --- Humanities --- Universities and colleges --- Education, Higher --- Periodicals --- Peru‏ --- College students --- Higher education --- Postsecondary education --- Colleges --- Degree-granting institutions --- Higher education institutions --- Higher education providers --- Institutions of higher education --- Postsecondary institutions --- Public institutions --- Schools --- Cyber journals --- Cyber magazines --- Cyber periodicals --- Cyber serials --- E-journals --- Ejournals --- Electronic magazines --- Electronic periodicals --- Electronic serials --- Internet journals (Electronic publications) --- Internet magazines (Electronic publications) --- Internet periodicals (Electronic publications) --- Internet serials (Electronic publications) --- Online journals --- Online magazines --- Online periodicals --- Online serials --- Periodicals in machine-readable form --- Web journals (Electronic publications) --- Web magazines (Electronic publications) --- Web periodicals (Electronic publications) --- Web serials (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web journals (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web magazines (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web periodicals (Electronic publications) --- World Wide Web serials (Electronic publications) --- Electronic publications --- Education --- Bīr --- Dēmokratia tou Perou --- Gweriniaeth Periw --- Jumhūrī-i Pur --- Jumhūrīyat Bīr --- Lýðveldið Peru --- Pearu --- Peiri --- Periw --- Pérou --- Peru ka Fasojamana --- Perú Kiōng-hô-kok --- Peru Respublikası --- Perua Respubliko --- Peruánská republika --- Peruko Errepublika --- Perun tasavalta --- Peruo --- Peruu --- Peruu Vabariik --- Pheroo --- Piru --- Piruw --- Piruw Suyu --- Pobblaght ny Peroo --- Pur --- Republic of Peru --- República del Per --- Republica di u Per --- República do Per --- República Peruana --- Republiek van Peru --- Republik Peru --- Republika Peru --- Republikken Peru --- République du Pérou --- Rėspublika Peru --- South America --- Social sciences --- Electronic journals. --- Universities and colleges. --- Education, Higher. --- Periodicals. --- Peru.