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World War --- 1914-1918 --- Reparations --- Influence

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Originally published in 1971. Walther Rathenau and the Weimar Republic examines reparations in Germany following the First World War. Financial reparation was the most difficult and dangerous of the conditions imposed upon Germany by the Versailles Treaty. The amount of reparations - three times the country's annual income - was beyond Germany's capacity to pay. The United States, by insisting on the payment of Allied war debts, forced the Allies in turn to insist on reparations. Postwar polemics concentrated on German aggression and war crimes, but the real issue was the damage done to the world's economic mechanism. In the end all nations suffered, including the United States.

World War, 1914-1918 --- Reparations. --- Rathenau, Walther, --- War crimes

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"At the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the international community came together to find a way forward in the aftermath of the First World War. The conference is often judged a failure, as the resulting Treaty of Versailles did not bring long-term peace with Germany. By following the activities of British delegate and wartime Minister of Blockade Lord Robert Cecil, this book examines the struggles and successes of the conference, as delegates from around the world grappled with the economic, political and humanitarian catastrophes overwhelming Europe in 1919. After the Great War describes, for the first time, the significant role of economic warfare at the Peace Conference and in the post-war settlement. Lord Cecil's sometimes difficult partnership with US President Woodrow Wilson forged a new, permanent, international diplomatic organization - the League of Nations - and supplied it with the power to create collective blockades against aggressive states. Leaders of the Allied economic war before the Armistice became, in Paris, leaders of humanitarian-minded international outreach to their former enemies in Germany and Austria. After the Great War promotes a new understanding of these underappreciated internationalists in Paris, many of whom transitioned into leading the League of Nations even before the Peace Conference ended. Often derided as an idealistic fantasy, international peace enforced by economic sanctions appeared a realistic possibility when the Treaty was signed at the end of June 1919."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

World War, 1914-1918 --- Economic sanctions. --- Reparations. --- Paris Peace Conference

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Tracing recent bouts of globalised Mugabephobia to Robert Mugabe's refusal to be neoimperially penetrated, this book juxtaposes economic liberalisation with the mounting liberalisation of African orifices. Reading land repossession and economic structural adjustment programmes together with what they call neoimperial structural adjustment of African orifices, the authors argue that there has been liberalisation of African orifices in a context where Africans are ironically prevented from repossessing their material resources. Juxtaposing recent bouts of Mugabephobia with discourses on homophobia, the book asks why empire prefers liberalising African orifices rather than attending to African demands for restitution, restoration and reparations. Noting that empire opposes African sovereignty, autonomy, and centralisation of power while paradoxically promoting transnational corporations' centralisation of power over African economies, the book challenges contemporary discourses about shared sovereignty, distributed governance, heterarchy, heteronomy and onticology. Arguing that colonialists similarly denied Africans of their human essence, the tome problematises queer sexualities, homosexuality, ecosexuality, cybersexuality and humanoid robotic sexuality all of which complicate supposedly fundamental distinctions between human beings and animals and machines. Provocatively questioning queer sexuality and liberalised orifices that serve to divert African attention from the more serious unfinished business of repossessing material resources, the book insightfully compares Robert Gabriel Mugabe, Thomas Sankara and Julius Kambarage Nyerere who emphasised the imperatives of African autonomy, ownership, control and sovereignty over natural resources. Observing Africans' interest in repossessing ownership and control over their resources, the book wonders why so much, queer, international attention is focused on foisting queer sexuality while downplaying more burning issues of resource repossession, human dignity, equality and equity craved by Africans for whom life is not confined to sexuality. With insights for scholars in sociology, development studies, law, politics, African studies, anthropology, transformation, decolonisation and decoloniality, the book argues that liberal democracy is a façade in a world that is actually ruled through criminocracy.

Queer theory. --- Reparations for historical injustices --- Decolonization --- Mugabe, Robert Gabriel, --- Africa --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions

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La traite et l'esclavage colonial sont des "crimes contre l'humanité", déclare la Loi du 21 mai 2001, dite "Loi Taubira". Ce sont des injustices historiques, moralement condamnables. Mais quelle forme politique cette conviction morale peut-elle revêtir ? Pourquoi, comment, punir ou réparer des crimes dont tous les protagonistes sont depuis longtemps disparus ? Quelle théorie de justice adopter pour traiter - appréhender et évaluer - les demandes de réparations qui émergent et quel sens donner à la notion de "réparation"? Enfin, quelle responsabilité les générations contemporaines peuvent-elles avoir à l'égard des injustices du passé? Magali Bessone suggère que s'il est impossible de réparer l'histoire, on peut toutefois prendre au sérieux l'exigence de justice qui s'exprime dans les demandes de réparations. Ecartant le langage du blâme et de la culpabilité, elle montre que notre responsabilité contemporaine de réparer l'injustice s'ancre dans ce que nous nous devons les uns aux autres au titre de citoyens. Il dépend de nous de ne pas ignorer notre passé et de viser la transformation de nos structures sociales et politiques afin de les rendre plus justes - plus conformes à la représentation que nous nous faisons de nos idéaux partagés.

Slavery --- Reparations for historical injustices --- Law and legislation --- History --- Philosophy --- Esclavage --- Dommage moral. --- Réparations. --- Mémoire collective. --- Réparations. --- Slavery - Law and legislation - History --- Slavery - Philosophy --- Reparations for historical injustices. --- Crimes against humanity --- Transitional justice. --- Law and legislation. --- Philosophy. --- Mémoire collective. --- France.