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From the sixteenth century on, hundreds of Portuguese New Christians began to flow to Venice and Livorno in Italy, and to Amsterdam and Hamburg in northwest Europe. In those cities and later in London, Bordeaux, and Bayonne as well, Iberian conversos established their own Jewish communities, openly adhering to Judaism. Despite the features these communities shared with other confessional groups in exile, what set them apart was very significant. In contrast to other European confessional communities, whose religious affiliation was uninterrupted, the Western Sephardic Jews came to Judaism after a separation of generations from the religion of their ancestors. In this edited volume, several experts in the field detail the religious and cultural changes that occurred in the Early Modern Western Sephardic communities.

Jews --- Sephardim --- History --- Europe, Western --- Ethnic relations --- Jews, Sephardic --- Ladinos (Spanish Jews) --- Sefardic Jews --- Sephardi Jews --- Sephardic Jews --- Jews, Portuguese --- Jews, Spanish --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- West Europe --- Western Europe

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In thirteen contributions, Byzantium in Dialogue with the Mediterranean. History and Heritage shows that throughout the centuries of its existence, Byzantium continuously communicated with other cultures and societies on the European continent, as well as North Africa and in the East. In this volume, ‘History’ represents not only the chronological, geographical and narrative background of the historical reality of Byzantium, but it also stands for an all-inclusive scholarly approach to the Byzantine world that transcends the boundaries of traditionally separate disciplines such as history, art history or archaeology. The second notion, ‘Heritage’, refers to both material remains and immaterial traditions, and traces that have survived or have been appropriated. Contributors are Hans Bloemsma, Elena Boeck, Averil Cameron, Elsa Fernandes Cardoso, Cristian Caselli, Evangelos Chrysos, Konstantinos Chryssogelos, Penelope Mougoyianni, Daphne Penna, Marko Petrak, Matthew Savage, Daniëlle Slootjes, Karen Stock, Alex Rodriguez Suarez and Mariëtte Verhoeven.

Byzantine Empire --- Europe, Western --- Mediterranean Region --- Relations --- History --- Byzantium (Empire) --- Vizantii︠a︡ --- Bajo Imperio --- Bizancjum --- Byzantinē Autokratoria --- Vyzantinon Kratos --- Vyzantinē Autokratoria --- Impero bizantino --- Bizantia --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- Byzantine Empire - Relations - Europe, Western --- Europe, Western - Relations - Byzantine Empire --- Byzantine Empire - History - 1081-1453 --- Mediterranean Region - History - 476-1517

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The political division of the Roman world into Western and Eastern Roman Empires at the end of the fourth century spurred the divergence of the Latinised Western and the Hellenised Eastern halves. According to a pervasive and deeply ingrained belief in modern academic, educational and popular literature, the ensuing antagonism on religious and cultural grounds between the two parts of medieval Christendom eventually led to the ?schism of 1054.? Less than fifty years after the schism, Greeks and Latins came into closer contact as a result of the crusades and the encounter was catastrophic, leading to the capture and sack of Constantinople in 1204 by the armies of the Fourth Crusade. This study, the first to deal exclusively with Latin perceptions of and attitudes toward the Greeks in terms of religion, aims to revisit and challenge the view that the so-called schism between the Latin and Greek Churches led to the isolation of the Byzantine Empire by the Latin states and eventually to the events of 1204.

Catholics --- Christian heresies --- Attitudes --- History --- Orthodox Eastern Church --- Catholic Church --- Relations --- Doctrines --- Byzantine Empire --- Europe, Western --- Latin Empire, 1204-1261 --- Europe --- Civilization --- Byzantine influences --- Civilization. --- Interfaith relations. --- International relations. --- Theology, Doctrinal. --- Attitudes. --- Middle Ages. --- Byzantine influences. --- Catholic Church. --- Orthodox Eastern Church. --- To 1500. --- Byzantine Empire. --- Europe, Western. --- Europe. --- 273 "11/12" --- 281 <09> --- 261.8 --- 261.8 Oecumenische theologie. Irenisme. Hereniging der Kerken:--algemeen --- Oecumenische theologie. Irenisme. Hereniging der Kerken:--algemeen --- 281 <09> Eglises orientales--Histoire --- 281 <09> Oosters christendom--Geschiedenis --- Eglises orientales--Histoire --- Oosters christendom--Geschiedenis --- 273 "11/12" Heresies et schismes--?"11/12" --- 273 "11/12" Schisma's. Ketterijen--?"11/12" --- Heresies et schismes--?"11/12" --- Schisma's. Ketterijen--?"11/12" --- Christians --- France --- Latin Orient --- West Europe --- Western Europe --- Byzantium (Empire) --- Vizantii︠a︡ --- Bajo Imperio --- Bizancjum --- Byzantinē Autokratoria --- Vyzantinon Kratos --- Vyzantinē Autokratoria --- Impero bizantino --- Bizantia --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- Catholics - Europe, Western - Attitudes - History - To 1500 --- Christian heresies - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Byzantine Empire - Relations - Europe, Western --- Europe, Western - Relations - Byzantine Empire --- Latin Empire, 1204-1261 - Civilization --- Europe - Civilization - Byzantine influences

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Promoting "friendship" with the Soviet Union during the Cold War was no small task. Yet, alongside the expansion of political diplomatic missions, the Friendship Associations did serve to expand East-West cultural exchange. The comparative examination of several countries opens perspectives on the interplay between government and societal actors in cultural foreign policy. Warum engagierten sich zahlreiche Westeuropäer im Kalten Krieg für die Sowjetunion? Waren dies von Moskau gesteuerte ideologisch verblendete Kommunisten? Inwiefern förderten sie tatsächlich den kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Austausch? Sonja Großmann analysiert erstmals vergleichend die Entwicklung sowjetischer Freundschaftsgesellschaften in Frankreich, Großbritannien und der Bundesrepublik vom Zweiten Weltkrieg bis zum Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion. Von diesen gesellschaftlichen Akteuren ausgehend eröffnet das Buch neue Perspektiven auf die Formen und Methoden sowjetischer Selbstdarstellung gegenüber dem Ausland, auf das Zusammenspiel staatlicher und gesellschaftlicher Akteure über den ,Eisernen Vorhang' hinweg und auf kommunistische Organisationen im Westen. Das Bild der Sowjetunion in den verschiedenen Ländern spielt ebenso eine Rolle wie konkrete Felder des kulturellen Austausches in Kunst und Wissenschaft, Tourismus oder Städteverbindungen. Das Buch liefert einen innovativen Beitrag zur Internationalen Geschichte, indem es ost- und westeuropäische Geschichte, Diplomatie- und Kulturgeschichte sowie top-down mit bottom-up Ansätzen zusammenführt.

Cold War. --- World politics --- Europe, Western --- Soviet Union --- Relations --- Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- URSS --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- West Europe --- Western Europe