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Unter dem Wissen der Moderne, dass die gesellschaftlichen Lebensformen vom Menschen selbst geschaffene Lebensformen darstellen und an Bedingungen gebunden sind, die sich zum System entwickelt haben, muss der Begriff der Gerechtigkeit von dem Problemgehalt der Gesellschaft verstanden werden. Der aber wird von der Verfasstheit des ökonomischen Systems bestimmt. Das reklamiert zwar in der Marktgesellschaft eine Autonomie, es muss jedoch politisch in einer Weise gestaltet werden, dass jeder sich in die Lage versetzt sieht, ein den Anforderungen der Moderne entsprechendes sinnvolles Dasein zu führen. Exakt das meint, folgt man Günter Dux, Gerechtigkeit. Jeder muss an den ökonomischen und kulturellen Errungenschaften der Gesellschaft einen Anteil gewinnen können, der der Sinnbestimmung des Daseins genügt. Es ist exakt dieses Postulat, das sich als Postulat der Gerechtigkeit in der Neuzeit gebildet hat: Seine historische Ausbildung zieht sich von der Französischen Revolution, über die frühe Industriegesellschaft des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts, bis hin zum Verhängnis, in das die Weimarer Republik geführt hat. Gerechtigkeit muss ihre Grundlage im Sozialstaat der Marktgesellschaft finden. Der muss politisch so gestaltet werden, dass er die Sinnbestimmung der Lebensführung eines jeden möglich macht. Der Konflikt mit einem auf den Glauben an die Marktgesellschaft eingeschworenen Liberalismus, der das Machtpotenzial des Kapitals für sich in Anspruch nimmt, ist unvermeidbar. Und warum überhaupt Gerechtigkeit? Weil mit ihr die Grundlage der humanen Lebensform: Sinn, eingefordert wird. Der Inhalt Worum es geht: Gerechtigkeit als Problem der Marktgesellschaft Die Marktgesellschaft als Verhängnis Der Sozialstaat der Bundesrepublik Der Autor Dr. Günter Dux ist Prof. emeritus am Institut für Soziologie der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg.
Sociology. --- Ethnology. --- Culture. --- Sociological Theory. --- Social Anthropology. --- Sociology of Culture.
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The city of Clermont-Ferrand in central France is inextricably linked to the global tire company Michelin—not only by the industrial, social, and economic realities that tie employees to employer, but also by a multi-generational, regional belief in the company’s entrepreneurial mythos, the so-called “Michelin spirit.” Since the 1980s, transformations in capitalist systems have challenged the Michelin ideology: the end of corporate paternalism, the reduction of the work force, and a new wave of managers have left employees in the region feeling the sting of abandonment. Even in the face of these significant changes, however, the ethnographic enquiry at the heart of this book testifies to the enduring strength of the “spirit of capitalism”: even as the bonds between employees, companies, and their regions are undergoing significant transformation, entrepreneurial myths endure—in part in fear of the end of a secure, organizing structure. .
Ethnology. --- Sociology, Urban. --- Social Anthropology. --- Urban Studies/Sociology. --- Urban sociology --- Cities and towns --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Sociocultural Anthropology. --- Urban Sociology.
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This book explores how there is latitude for people to make their own choices and how the chances to assert independence change over time in a Muslim, Arab, tribal culture. The book first gives a brief overview of day-to-day life in the Dhofar region of southern Oman, then focuses on how the traits of self-control and self-respect are linked in the everyday actions of several groups of tribes who speak Gibali (Jibbali, also known as Shari/Śḥeret), a non-written, Modern South Arabian language. Although no work can express the totality of a culture, this text describes how Gibalis are constantly shifting between preserving autonomy and signaling membership in family, tribal, and national communities. The work reflects observations and conclusions from over ten years of research into the history and culture of the Dhofar region along with longstanding, deep involvement with both men and women in the Gibali community.
Ethnology. --- Ethnography. --- Ethnology-Middle East . --- Social Anthropology. --- Cultural Anthropology. --- Middle Eastern Culture. --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Ethnology—Middle East .
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Folklore --- Sculpture --- figurines --- social anthropology --- ritual objects --- Yaka [Kwango-Kwilu region style] --- Congo
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Ethnology --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Social aspects.
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William Robertson Smith (1846-1894) gilt als ein wichtiger Vorreiter der Bibelkritik, Sozialanthropologie und Vergleichenden Religionswissenschaft. Dieser Band enthält etwa 400 seiner Briefe an seine Familie, Freunde und Kollegen, welche die Zeit seiner frühen Studententage im Jahre 1863 bis zu seiner letzten Erkrankung im Jahre 1894 umfassen. William Robertson Smith (1846-1894) is generally considered to be among the most important pioneers of Biblical Criticism, Social Anthropology and Comparative Religious Studies. This volume contains ca. 400 letters to his family, friends, and colleagues, spanning the period from his early student days in 1863 to his final illness in 1894 and covering a wide range of topics. Among the recipients of the letters are his parents, his siblings, his close friends and confidants John Sutherland Black and Thomas Martin Lindsay, his teacher in Arabic, Paul de Lagarde, and such notable men of learning as the Old Testament scholars Julius Wellhausen and Abraham Kuenen, the Arabists Jan de Goeje and Theodor Nöldeke, the politician James Bryce, the social anthropologist James George Frazer, the artist George Reid, the physicist Peter Guthrie Tait, and the mathematicians Felix Klein and Max Noether.
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Migration. Refugees --- History of Italy --- migration [function] --- social anthropology --- cultural diffusion --- Peru
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“The essays presented break a new path in the human sciences: there is not much written on the issue in focus and this perspective before. There may be bits here and there in introductory books on anthropological fieldwork, but I know of nothing that can compare with this new endeavor. This text offers an 'inverted anthropology' where what is foreign is an anthropologist coming in from abroad. This experience of acceptance of a stranger is made relevant for the more conventional debates on immigrant foreigners in various Western societies.” —Göran Aijmer, Professor at the Gothenburg Research Institute, University of Gothenbburg, Sweden “This book is absolutely timely, and quite unique in 'exoticizing' a debate that seems to be homemade in Europe and North America but, as the co-editors and authors show, is universal.” —Andre Gingrich, Director of the Institute for Social Anthropology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria This book provides a uniquely positioned contribution to the current debates on the integration of immigrants in Europe. Twelve social anthropologists—“strangers by vocation”—reflect upon how they were taken in by those they studied over the course of their long-term fieldwork. The societies concerned are Sinti (northern Italy), Inuit (Canadian Arctic), Kanak (New Caledonia), Māori (New Zealand), Lanten (Laos), Tobelo and Tanebar-Evav (Indonesia), Banyoro (Uganda), Gawigl and Siassi (Papua New Guinea) and a township in Odisha (India). A comparative analysis of these reflexive, ethnographic accounts reveals as yet underrepresented, non-European perspectives on the issue of integrating strangers, enabling the reader to identify and reflect upon the uniquely Western ideals and values that currently dominate such discourse.
Immigrants --- Europe --- Emigration and immigration. --- Ethnology. --- Ethnography. --- Migration. --- Social Anthropology. --- Cultural Studies. --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Cultural studies. --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization
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This volume explores the 'Mimetic Theory' of the cultural theorist René Girard and its applicability to Islamic thought and tradition. Authors critically examine Girard's assertion about the connection between group formation, religion, and 'scapegoating' violence. These insights, Girard maintained, have their source in biblical revelation. Are there parallels in other faith traditions, especially Islam? To this end, Muslim scholars and scholars of Mimetic Theory have examined the hypothesis of an 'Abrahamic Revolution.' This is the claim that Judaism, Christianity, and Islam each share in a spiritual and ethical historical 'breakthrough:' a move away from scapegoating violence, and towards a sense of justice for the innocent victim.
Violence --- Religious aspects --- Islam. --- Islam-Doctrines. --- Philosophy. --- Ethnology. --- Islamic Theology. --- Philosophy of Religion. --- Social Anthropology. --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Islam—Doctrines. --- Religion—Philosophy.
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