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This volume contains Reinhold's correspondence from 1793. This was the year in which Lavater acted as an intermediary in obtaining Reinhold the offer of a professorship in Kiel, which was to usher in a defining development in his career. The letters presented here are devoted to this fateful turning point. In addition, the political backdrop with the dramatic events in France (the execution of Louis XVI) played a decisive role throughout (see Reinhold's article about the French Revolution published in the German Mercury). During this time Reinhold was also focusing intensively on the subject of free will. The discovery of Fichte and his Critique of All Revelation, which was published anonymously, was of particular importance to him. His most important correspondents included Baggesen, Erhard, Jacobi, Kant, Lavater, Carl Christian Erhard Schmid and Wieland. This volume contains a bibliography, detailed indexes of subjects, persons and places as well as lists of Reinhold's written works and reviews from 1793.

Philosophy --- Philosophy - 18th century

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The sweeping story of how the greatest minds of the Scientific Revolution applied their new ideas to people, money, and markets'and along the way, invented modern finance. "An astounding episode from the early days of financial markets that to this day continues to intrigue and perplex historians ... narrative history at its best, lively and fresh with new insights."'Liaquat Ahamed, Pulitzer Prize'winning author of Lords of Finance Money for Nothing chronicles the moment when the needs of war, discoveries of natural philosophy, and ambitions of investors collided. It's about how the Scientific Revolution intertwined with finance to set England'and the world'off in an entirely new direction. At the dawn of the eighteenth century, England was running out of money due to a prolonged war with France. Parliament tried raising additional funds by selling debt to its citizens, taking in money now with the promise of interest later. It was the first permanent national debt, but still they needed more. They turned to the stock market'a relatively new invention itself'where Isaac Newton's new mathematics of change over time, which he applied to the motions of the planets and the natural world, were fast being applied to the world of money. What kind of future returns could a person expect on an investment today' The Scientific Revolution could help. In the hub of London's stock market'Exchange Alley'the South Sea Company hatched a scheme to turn pieces of the national debt into shares of company stock, and over the spring of 1720 the plan worked brilliantly. Stock prices doubled, doubled again, and then doubled once more, getting everyone in London from tradespeople to the Prince of Wales involved in money mania that consumed the people, press, and pocketbooks of the empire. Unlike science, though, with its tightly controlled experiments, the financial revolution was subject to trial and error on a grand scale, with dramatic, sometimes devastating, consequences for people's lives. With England at war and in need of funds and "stock-jobbers" looking for any opportunity to get in on the action, this new world of finance had the potential to save the nation'but only if it didn't bankrupt it first.

England--Economic conditions--18th century.. --- Stock exchanges--England--History--18th century.. --- Debts, Public--England--History--18th century. --- Stock exchanges --- Debts, Public --- History --- England --- Economic conditions

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The chancellery was established as the supreme judicial and administrative authority for the royal portion of Schleswig and Holstein in Flensburg in 1648 and moved to Glückstadt in 1649. Its jurisdiction had been limited to Holstein since 1713 and was extended to the county of Rantzau in 1734, to the Plönian lands in 1762 and to the Gottorfian lands in 1774. At the same time, the name "Glückstädtische Regierung" was replaced by "Holsteinische Landesregierung zu Glückstadt und Holsteinisches Oberkonsistorium". The previously formally different special courts - judicial chancellery, Oberamtsgericht, Pinnebergisches-, Altonaisches-, Rantzauisches Oberappellationsgericht - were combined in 1806 as "Holsteinisches Obergericht". Since 1816 it was called "Holstein-Lauenburgisches Obergericht". When justice and administration were separated in the middle instance in 1834, the administration was transferred to the Schleswig-Holstein government at Gottorf; the higher court continued to exist as a purely judicial authority. When the judiciary and administration were separated in 1834, the records were divided. Most of the judicial files remaining in Glückstadt were later destroyed; the administrative files were preserved and form the core of the holdings kept in the Schleswig-Holstein State Archives.

Regional & national history --- Schleswig-Holstein --- 17th century --- 18th century --- 19th century --- Schleswig-Holstein --- 17th century --- 18th century --- 19th century

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The unorthodox style and the diversity of Jacobi’s thought can best be experienced in his notebooks, the ›Denkbüchern‹. They show someone whose profession was philosophy, far removed from academic constraints, someone who was passionate and an intellectual, someone who wrote down the things that moved him: precursors to philosophical debates, spontaneous thoughts on literature or politics, collectanea as well as transcripts of letters received or drafts of his own letters. The ›Denkbücher‹ are considered to be the key to understanding many ambiguous passages and thus constitute an indispensable addition to the correspondence and his works. It is only through these that many of Jacobi’s thoughts have been handed down. The eleven extant notebooks are now available in this text-critical edition.

Authors, German --- Philosophers --- German language --- Enlightenment --- Authors, German - 18th century --- Philosophers - Germany

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Cet ouvrage offre au lecteur une étude de la vie théâtrale dans la société valencienne sous la monarchie des Bourbons. Le théâtre est étudié, sa signification dégagée, à partir d’une analyse du milieu historique et social qui l’a vu naître et dont il reflète la mentalité, les valeurs et l’idéologie. Dans les quatre premiers chapitres de la première partie, François Suréda s’efforce de dresser un tableau de la société valencienne pendant et après la guerre de Succession. La seconde partie présente une étude des théâtres proprement dits et une analyse du déroulement des saisons dramatiques : caractéristiques des lieux théâtraux, conditions matérielles de la représentation, volume quotidien et annuel du public, composition sociale des auditoires, examen des répertoires et de la programmation des pièces selon les périodes, et analyse de l’accueil que les spectateurs réservent aux programmes qui leur sont présentés. La troisième partie examine les goûts du public et tente d’en dégager la signification : sont étudiées les réactions des auditoires pendant la période troublée de la guerre de Succession et analysés les succès des pièces mettant en scène des hors-la-loi, des aventuriers, des hommes de guerre ainsi que des pièces retraçant des épisodes de la vie de saints ou traitant de diablerie et de magie. La condition féminine et l’image de la femme dans les oeuvres dramatiques représentées font aussi l’objet d’une analyse dans le quatrième chapitre. Partant d’une étude globale d’histoire urbaine élaborée par l’auteur lui-même, ce travail s’efforce d’interroger tous les contextes qu’il convient de prendre en compte pour connaître la vie théâtrale dans cette cité et l’évolution des goûts d’un public au long d’une période de huit décennies. Ces pages font revivre toute une ville, dans un temps d’essor économique mais aussi de difficultés de tous ordres, avec ses catégories sociales, la mentalité de certains groupes, le cycle annuel des fêtes religieuses et des…

Theater - Spain - Valencia (Province) - History - 18th century --- Theater --- théâtre --- Espagne --- Valence --- 18e siècle