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Reinventing concrete construction with textile-reinforced concrete, this innovative composite material allows engineers new possibilities for filigree, yet durable constructions in concrete. This work of research examines the bond behaviour of this new composite material, and in particular, the cause of longitudinal cracks which can occur in the textile-reinforcement layer of this concrete. Experimental and numeric examinations show that the magnitude of the splitting tensile forces, which lead to the aforementioned cracking, is largely dependent on the geometry of the individual fibre strands. In order to characterise the fibre strands, geometrical parameters were introduced, which were assigned to Laser Scans of textile reinforcements. Based on the evidence collected, a mechanical model, in which the input parameters are of geometric nature, was presented allowing calculation of the splitting tensile force. This method has made it possible to better understand the bond behaviour of textile reinforcements in concrete and has progressed the effort to establish this new material in construction.

Structural engineering --- splitting behaviour --- textile reinforced concrete

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Do negative campaigns win elections? Do voters abandon candidates accused of scandalous behaviour? Do government apologies affect prospects for re-election? While many people assume the answer to each of these questions is yes, there is limited empirical evidence to support these assumptions. In this book, Jason Roy and Christopher Alcantara use a series of experiments to test these and other commonly held beliefs. Each chapter draws upon contemporary events and literature to frame the issues and strategies. The findings suggest that not all of the assumptions that people have about the best strategies for winning and keeping political power hold up to empirical scrutiny. In fact, some work in ways that many readers may find surprising. Original and innovative in its use of experimental methods, Winning and Keeping Power in Canadian Politics is a persuasive analysis of some of our most prominent and long-standing political myths. It will be a "go to" resource for journalists, strategists, scholars, and general readers alike.

Political campaigns --- Canada --- Politics and government. --- Canadian politics. --- elections. --- experiments. --- political behaviour. --- power. --- public opinion. --- voting behaviour.

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L’abandon à la naissance est un problème encore communément rencontré dans les élevages chez les animaux domestiques. Une prise en charge précoce du nouveau né, une investigation de la cause du rejet par la mère, ainsi qu’une connaissance des différentes alternatives seront primordiales pour permettre un bon développement du nouveau-né. 
Parmi ces alternatives, nous verrons tout d’abord si la prise en charge par la propre mère est possible. Pour cela il faudra évaluer la présence du comportement maternel chez elle, et tenter de remédier à la cause du rejet directement. Cette option est la plus intéressante des points de vue pratique et économique. 
Si cette étape n’est pas réalisable, il faudra avoir recours à une mère de substitution.
Deux options seront envisageables : l’adoption par une mère de venant de mettre bas, et l’adoption par une femelle non gravide chez qui il faudra induire la lactation et le comportement maternel. 
Nous verrons alors les différents protocoles applicables dans ces trois parties, chez la jument et la brebis de l’adoption jusqu’au sevrage. Abandonment at birth is still a common problem in domestic animal husbandry. Early care of the newborn, comprehension of the cause of the rejection by the mother, as well as the knowledge of the different alternatives will be essential to allow a good development of the newborn.
Among these alternatives, we will first see if the care by its own mother is possible. For that it will be necessary to evaluate the presence of her maternal behavior, and to remedy the cause of the rejection directly. This alternative is the most interesting from the practical and economic point of view.
If this step is not feasible, a surrogate mother will have to be used.
Two options might be possible: adoption by a surrogate mother who has just given birth, and adoption by a non-pregnant surrogate female in whom lactation and maternal behavior must be induced.
We will then see the different protocols applicable in these three alternatives, in the mare, the ewe and the sow, from adoption until weaning.

fostering --- orphans --- mammals --- horse --- sheep --- maternal behaviour --- lactation --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale

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Consumers’ adoption of Virtual Reality is currently growing at a fast pace and the greatest potential of the technology is said to be its ability to deliver new and exciting experiences to the users. Within the tourism industry, VR is up to now being considered as one of the most important technological developments and customers’ applications towards this sector are increasing. Despite the growing knowledge regarding the benefits of virtual communications on various consumer behaviours, few research addresses the impact of such promotional messages on travellers’ attitudes and intentions towards a destination. Moreover, the topic of episodic future thinking within the tourism industry has not yet been approached by researchers. Based on an extant literature review on VR technology and mental imagery in relation to tourism marketing, this work examines the potential mediating role that episodic future thinking might play on consumers’ attitudes towards a destination and their intentions to visit it in the future after being exposed to a virtual communication. Through two studies based on an experimental design, the type of stimulus was not found to significantly affect participants’ attitudes towards the destination and their intentions to visit the latter. Further, the mediating effect of episodic future thinking could not be confirmed. Nevertheless, significant evidence was found regarding the potential influence of VR to influence customers’ attitudes, intentions and their mental imagery, which opens the door for further investigation and research. This paper concludes with an outline of the key implications and limitations that derive from this work.

Virtual Reality --- Destination Marketing --- Episodic Future Thinking --- Consumer behaviour --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Marketing

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La reconnaissance, l’évaluation et la quantification de la douleur chez le cheval sont des étapes indispensables dans la prise en charge d’un animal au quotidien. Il s’agit là d’un enjeu considérable pour le praticien vétérinaire afin de garantir le bien-être animal en limitant le stress et la souffrance générés par la douleur. Les études scientifiques semblent s’accorder sur un point : la difficulté d’évaluer et de quantifier objectivement la douleur, définie comme une expérience subjective et multifactorielle, spécifique à chaque individu. Une bonne connaissance de la physiologie et des comportements normaux d’un cheval est nécessaire afin de distinguer les modifications suite à un stimulus douloureux. En effet, des changements de fréquence cardiaque, de fréquence respiratoire, de concentrations hormonales – pour les paramètres physiologiques – et des altérations de psychisme, de posture corporelle et de démarche , d’interaction sociale – pour les paramètres comportementaux – font partie des principales composantes utilisées pour l’évaluation de la douleur. À partir de celles-ci, divers modèles d’échelle sont élaborés tels que les échelles visuelles analogiques, les échelles descriptives simples, les échelles de cotation numérique, les échelles de douleur composites et les échelles de douleur d’expressions faciales. Elles permettent ainsi de détecter la présence de douleur et d’en quantifier la sévérité de façon simple, rapide et systématique. Cependant, les recherches dans ce domaine continuent afin de pouvoir développer un jour un modèle d’échelle entièrement standardisé, validé et utilisable par tous.

Pain --- Assessment --- Horse --- Pain scale --- Equine --- Assessment tool --- Behaviour pain --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale