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Bioenergetics. --- Energy balance (Biology) --- Energy budget (Biology) --- Energy dynamics (Ecology) --- Energy utilization (Biology) --- Biochemistry --- Energy budget (Geophysics)

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The symbiotic partnership between cnidarians and dinoflagellates from the family Symbiodiniaceae constitutes the basis of remarkably diverse ecosystems, notably in tropical coral reefs. This tight association between the cnidarian host and the algal intracellular symbionts rests upon nutritional exchange between the two partners: the dinoflagellate algae supply photosynthetic products to their cnidarian host, which provide inorganic nutrients and shelter in return. However, this balance can be unsettled by environmental stressors, such as high water temperatures and acidity, leading to the collapse of the symbiotic partnership and threatening the survival of entire ecosystems. The impact of hyperthermic stress on these organisms, often called photosynthetic cnidarians, has been widely studied, specifically in reef-building corals. Nevertheless, the holobiont - the association of the host and its symbionts - displays a complex energy metabolism, involving respiration from both partners and photosynthesis from the symbionts, and the influence of heat stress on this compound system remains poorly understood, particularly in other dinoflagellates - cnidarians associations than corals. This thesis focuses on the bioenergetic response to heat stress in Mastigias papua jellyfish and Exaiptasia pallida anemones sampled in lakes and coves of the archipelago of Palau. With this aim in mind, we subjected these photosynthetic cnidarians to natural (28 °C and 31.5 °C) and elevated temperatures (35 °C) for seven days, and monitored the evolution of different parameters. Indeed, their general state was assessed (survival rate, fresh weight, bell pulse pace) as well as bioenergetic features (photosystems I and II activity, O2 exchanges). Our results indicate that subjecting M. papua jellyfish to hyperthermic stress negatively affects the complete holobiont, and specifically impacts the photosystem II of the symbionts. Besides, the jellyfish collected in different spots displayed distinct features and showed contrasting responses to elevated water temperature. Moreover, the E. pallida anemones showed a remarkably low resistance to heat stress, dying after two days, whereas M. papua 
jellyfish survived through one week at elevated temperature. Such disparities in the response to
hyperthermic stress between two photosynthetic cnidarians thriving in the same ecosystem proves the importance of broadening the study of cnidarian - dinoflagellates symbiosis to their wide diversity. L’association symbiotique entre cnidaires et dinoflagellés de la famille des Symbiodiniaceae est à
la base d’écosystèmes abritant une biodiversité considérable, notamment dans les récifs coralliens. Cette étroite collaboration entre le cnidaire hôte et les algues symbiotiques repose sur des échanges de nutriments entre les partenaires : les dinoflagellés fournissent une partie des produits de leur photosynthèse à leur hôte, qui apporte protection et nutriments inorganiques en retour. Néanmoins, cet équilibre peut être rompu par des facteurs environnementaux, comme une élévation de la température ou de l’acidité de l’eau, entraînant la rupture de la symbiose et menaçant la survie d’écosystèmes entiers. L’impact d’un stress thermique sur ces “cnidaires photosynthétiques” a déjà été largement étudié, tout particulièrement sur les coraux à la base des récifs coralliens. Cependant, l’holobionte - l’association de l’hôte et de ses algues symbiotiques - possède un métabolisme énergétique complexe, impliquant la respiration des deux partenaires et la photosynthèse des algues, et l’influence d’un stress thermique sur ce système composite reste peu exploré, surtout dans les autres collaborations cnidaires - dinoflagellés que les coraux. Ce mémoire aborde l’aspect bioénergétique de la réponse au stress thermique chez des méduses Mastigias papua et des anémones Exaiptasia pallida prélevées dans des lacs et baies de l’archipel de Palau. Pour ce faire, nous avons soumis ces cnidaires photosynthétiques à des
températures naturelles (28 °C et 31.5 °C) et élevée (35 °C) pendant sept jours, et nous avons contrôlé l’évolution de divers paramètres. En effet, leur état général a été évalué (taux de survie, poids frais, vitesse de battement de l’ombelle) ainsi que des traits bioénergétiques (activités des photosystèmes I et II, échanges d’oxygène). Nos résultats montrent que l’exposition de méduses M. papua à un stress thermique a un effet négatif sur l’holobionte, et plus spécifiquement sur le photosystème II des algues symbiotiques. De plus, les méduses récoltées à des endroits différents montrent des caractères variés et développent des réponses distinctes à une élévation de température. En outre, les anémones E. pallida ont montré une résistance remarquablement faible face au stress thermique, qui les a tuées après deux jours, alors que les méduses M. papua ont survécu à une semaine de traitement à température élevée. De telles disparités dans la réponse au stress thermique chez deux cnidaires photosynthétiques se développant dans le même écosystème démontre l’importance d’étendre l’étude de la symbiose entre cnidaires et dinoflagellés à leur large diversité.

Mastigias papua --- Exaiptasia pallida --- biophysique --- Palau --- bioénergétique --- stress thermique --- Mastigias papua --- Exaiptasia pallida --- biophysics --- Palau --- Bioenergetics --- hyperthermic stress --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences aquatiques & océanologie --- Sciences du vivant > Biochimie, biophysique & biologie moléculaire

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This thoroughly revised second edition is an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of Notch and Notch signaling in embryology and cancer. It summarizes the newest achievements on this topic from Notch’s flag-ship function in the development of the embryo and for various inherited diseases to the Notch signaling pathway’s role in the development of leukemia and in a number of cancers, including skin cancer, intestinal cancer and others. Additionally, the emerging new role of the Notch signaling pathway as a promising target for prevention and therapy of various diseases, including cancer, is discussed. In the years since the previous edition, there have been numerous developments and insights within this rapidly moving field, making this new edition urgently needed. This volume also features discussions of current insights on Notch’s role for embryologic tissue patterning, for stem cells, in senescence, and on the regulation of Notch signaling by epigenetic and other factors including microRNAs, long non-codingRNAs, and more. Taken as a whole, with its companion books – Notch Signaling in Embryology and Notch Signaling in Cancer – this is a definitive discussion of the topic, presented by internationally-recognized contributors. Presented in a coherent and accessible structure, this revised and updated second edition is an essential and up-to-date guide for oncologists, embryologists, researchers and advanced students.

Cancer research. --- Cell biology. --- Embryology. --- Cancer Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Animal embryology --- Animals --- Development, Embryological --- Development, Embryonic --- Development, Zygotic --- Embryogenesis --- Embryogeny --- Embryological development --- Embryonic development --- Zoology --- Zygote development --- Zygotes --- Zygotic development --- Zygotic embryogenesis --- Developmental biology --- Morphology (Animals) --- Embryos --- Reproduction --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cancer research --- Embryology --- Development

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This book presents the latest knowledge and the most recent research results on glycosphingolipid (GSL)-mediated signaling. GSLs are important constituents of the plasma membrane that exert their distinct functions through binding to certain functional proteins. They play a role in various human diseases and also function as human alloantigens. Cellular GSLs are associated with many biological functions such as cellular oncotransformation, phenotype change, neuronal or embryonic development, regulation of cell division, cell–cell interaction, cell attachment, adhesion, and motility, and intracellular signaling via protein–carbohydrate or carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions. This book opens by providing the key background on GSL glycan–receptor interactions and mammalian GSL synthesis. Up-to-date information is then presented on all aspects of GSL-dependent signaling. Viral protein and bacterial toxin protein interactions with host cell GSLs are examined in depth, and the concluding chapter is devoted to signaling regulation. The book should assist in the further development of new strategies against emerging infectious agents and intractable diseases.

Gene expression. --- Cancer research. --- Genetics. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell membranes . --- Gene Expression. --- Cancer Research. --- Genetics and Genomics. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Membrane Biology. --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Cancer research --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Composition --- Expression --- Glycosphingolipids. --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Asialogangliosides --- Sphingoglycolipids --- Glycolipids --- Sphingolipids

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This book covers subjects that have major impacts on society, such as the mechanism of maternal-fetal transfer of vitamin A, and the effects of alcohol on retinoic acid signaling and mammalian embryonic development. There has been an awareness of the importance of consuming vitamins throughout human history, but empirical studies of their physiological role and mode of action only began about 150 years ago. Since then, the biochemical nature of vitamin A and its active derivative, retinoic acid, have been identified and researchers around the globe have investigated retinoic acid’s physiological function in growth processes and in maintaining life Written by leading experts, this book discusses the latest findings and advances in retinoic acid research. It addresses topics such as the role of retinoic acid signaling in a multitude of processes, including limb, heart and respiratory system development, as well as its role in maintaining postnatal organ systems. This book is a valuable resource for scientists involved in vitamin A/retinoic acid research and readers interested in developmental biology.

Human physiology. --- Nutrition   . --- Embryology. --- Physiology. --- Human Physiology. --- Nutrition. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Animal embryology --- Development, Embryological --- Development, Embryonic --- Development, Zygotic --- Embryogenesis --- Embryogeny --- Embryological development --- Embryonic development --- Zoology --- Zygote development --- Zygotes --- Zygotic development --- Zygotic embryogenesis --- Developmental biology --- Morphology (Animals) --- Embryos --- Reproduction --- Alimentation --- Food --- Nutrition --- Health --- Physiology --- Diet --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Food habits --- Malnutrition --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Embryology --- Development --- Health aspects --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Retinoids. --- Vitamin A analogs --- Vitamin A congeners --- Vitamin A derivatives --- Carotenoids --- Diterpenes --- Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Retinoides --- Vitamina A --- Embriologia --- Fisiologia humana --- Biologia humana --- Ciències de la salut --- Fisiologia --- Mecànica humana --- Reproducció humana --- Cos humà --- Desenvolupament embriològic --- Desenvolupament embrional --- Embriogènesi --- Embriogènia --- Embriologia animal --- Biologia --- Evolució --- Morfologia animal --- Edat gestacional --- Epigènesi --- Cèl·lules germinals --- Cordó umbilical --- Diferenciació sexual --- Fetus --- Gametogènesi --- Genètica del desenvolupament --- Miogènesi --- Neurobiologia del desenvolupament --- Òvuls --- Placenta --- Teratologia --- Biologia del desenvolupament --- Cèl·lules --- Protoplasma --- Reproducció --- Retinol --- Vitamina antixeroftàlmica --- Vitamines liposolubles --- Carotenoides