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Symboliquement, l’opéra et la bibliothèque - la musique et la littérature - occupent le même espace où s’active l’ironie. - Un adage traditionnel a pu, fort longtemps, opposer l’air et les paroles. Nous savons, à présent, que les mots possèdent, à l’égard des choses qu’ils appréhendent, le même pouvoir ironisant que les sons. Ce livre enquête sur ce pouvoir. Figure littéraire autant que musicale, don Juan est doublement impliqué dans cet espace : saisi par l’ironie qui se dépense en lectures contestataires de sa légende, traditionnellement édifiante, il se pose lui-même en ironiste, soulevant, par son discours et son comportement, la question des valeurs, qui mobilisera, vers 1880, la critique nietzschéenne. Sur les traces du débauché, le pornographe, l’être luciférien et l’hérétique envahissent significativement la fiction contemporaine. Marque d’une esthétique différente, où la dissonance, conformément à la prophétie de l’auteur de La Naissance de la tragédie, s’impose aux dépens de la consonance. C’est dire que la musique, lors même qu’on cesse de parler d’elle, demeure présente dans toute réflexion sur l’ironie. On reconnaît ainsi le pouvoir qu’elles ont en commun de relativiser toute manifestation d’un sens déterminé, et de libérer, en contrepartie, cette profusion de simulacres, par quoi l’imaginaire d’une époque se reflète dans ses créations culturelles.

Literature --- Irony in literature. --- Literature, Modern --- Ironie dans la littérature --- Littérature moderne --- History and criticism. --- Histoire et critique --- Irony. --- Irony in literature --- Irony --- Sarcasm --- Cynicism --- Rhetoric --- Satire --- Tragic, The --- Understatement --- Ironie dans la littérature --- Littérature moderne --- musique --- littérature --- ironie

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"This book provides a concise summary of the concepts "irony" and "sarcasm": what they mean, how they have been used over time, and how they differ from the related concepts like coincidence, paradox, satire, and parody. The use of these terms, from Greek philosophers to postmodern theorists, is briefly sketched, and empirical research on why people use such language, and how it is comprehended, is provided. The book is leavened with quotations about irony and sarcasm, examples from popular culture (including an analysis of Alanis Morissette's song "Ironic"), television programs, and the use of irony and sarcasm online, both in words and also via emoticons, emoji, hashtags, and internet memes. The book is unique in that it provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of the history of these terms, as well as empirical research by cognitive scientists. It will provide careful writers with the background and context that is necessary to employ these terms with confidence, or to use other terms if they are more appropriate"--

Irony --- Semantics --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Language and languages --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Sarcasm --- Cynicism --- Rhetoric --- Satire --- Tragic, The --- Understatement

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Irony --- Wit and humor --- Semantics --- Pragmatics --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Language and languages --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Bons mots --- Facetiae --- Humor --- Jests --- Jokes --- Ludicrous, The --- Ridiculous, The --- Wit and humor, Primitive --- Literature --- Joking --- Laughter --- Sarcasm --- Cynicism --- Rhetoric --- Satire --- Tragic, The --- Understatement --- Research --- Philosophy --- Lexicology. Semantics

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""Brilliant. . . . Frye has wit, style, audacity, immense learning, [and] a gift for opening up new and unexpected perspectives in the study of literature."-The Nation"--

Criticism. --- Absurdity. --- Adjective. --- Allegory. --- Ambiguity. --- An Essay on Criticism. --- Anachronism. --- Anagnorisis. --- Aphorism. --- Apuleius. --- Archetype. --- Aristophanes. --- Aristotle. --- Ben Jonson. --- Catharsis. --- Comic book. --- Decorum. --- Diction. --- Eclogue. --- Eiron. --- English literature. --- Epigram. --- Epithet. --- Etymology. --- Euripides. --- Ezra Pound. --- Farce. --- Fiction. --- Finnegans Wake. --- François Rabelais. --- Genre fiction. --- Genre. --- Grammar. --- Hamartia. --- Historical criticism. --- Humanities. --- Humour. --- Il Penseroso. --- Illustration. --- Imagery. --- Invective. --- Irony. --- King Lear. --- Literary criticism. --- Literary fiction. --- Literature. --- Lycidas. --- Madame Bovary. --- Melodrama. --- Menippean satire. --- Metaphor. --- Metre (poetry). --- Mimesis. --- Misery (novel). --- Modern Fiction (essay). --- Myth and ritual. --- Myth. --- Mythopoeia. --- Narrative. --- New Criticism. --- Novel. --- Novelist. --- Old Comedy. --- Oracle. --- Parable. --- Parody. --- Pedant. --- Pentameter. --- Philosopher. --- Pity. --- Plautus. --- Poet. --- Poetics (Aristotle). --- Poetry. --- Prose. --- Rainer Maria Rilke. --- Rhetoric. --- Rhetorical criticism. --- Ridicule. --- Romanticism. --- Satire. --- Shakespearean comedy. --- Simile. --- Suggestion. --- Superiority (short story). --- Tamburlaine. --- Terence. --- The Faerie Queene. --- The Other Hand. --- The Pilgrim's Progress (opera). --- The Various. --- Theory. --- Tragedy. --- Tragic hero. --- Virginia Woolf. --- Volpone. --- Western literature. --- William Shakespeare. --- Writer. --- Writing.

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An authoritative and comprehensive intellectual biography of the author of the Divine ComedyFor all that has been written about the author of the Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) remains the best guide to his own life and work. Dante's writings are therefore never far away in this authoritative and comprehensive intellectual biography, which offers a fresh account of the medieval Florentine poet's life and thought before and after his exile in 1302.Beginning with the often violent circumstances of Dante's life, the book examines his successive works as testimony to the course of his passionate humanity: his lyric poetry through to the Vita nova as the great work of his first period; the Convivio, De vulgari eloquentia and the poems of his early years in exile; and the Monarchia and the Commedia as the product of his maturity. Describing as it does a journey of the mind, the book confirms the nature of Dante's undertaking as an exploration of what he himself speaks of as "maturity in the flame of love."The result is an original synthesis of Dante's life and work.

Dante Alighieri, --- To 1500 --- Ages of Man. --- Allegory. --- Antonio. --- Apotheosis. --- Arnaut Daniel. --- Assonance. --- Averroes. --- Awareness. --- Belfagor. --- Benedetta. --- Brunetto Latini. --- Cacciaguida. --- Canzone. --- Cato the Elder. --- Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti. --- Cavalcanti. --- Conradin. --- Consequentialism. --- Consummation. --- Conti. --- Converso. --- Convivio. --- Cowardice. --- Dante Alighieri. --- De vulgari eloquentia. --- Desiderio. --- Disputation. --- Divine Comedy. --- Dolce Stil Novo. --- Donation of Constantine. --- Edmund Garratt Gardner. --- Eloquence. --- Equanimity. --- Erudition. --- Excursus. --- Farinata degli Uberti. --- Figure of speech. --- Filial piety. --- Flattery. --- Friar. --- G. (novel). --- Giacomo da Lentini. --- Giovanni Boccaccio. --- Giovanni Villani. --- Giovinezza. --- Gregorius. --- Guelphs and Ghibellines. --- Guido Cavalcanti. --- Guido delle Colonne. --- Hyperbole. --- Immanence. --- Inception. --- Incorruptibility. --- Irony. --- Jean de Meun. --- Judas Iscariot. --- La Vita Nuova. --- Lambertini. --- Liber de Causis. --- Lippi. --- Literature. --- Lyric poetry. --- Magnanimity. --- Massimo. --- Medieval Latin. --- Metonymy. --- Misericordia. --- Moralia. --- Nobility. --- Nominalism. --- Parody. --- Peter Damian. --- Petrarch. --- Piety. --- Pity. --- Poetry. --- Purgatorio. --- Roland Barthes. --- Scholasticism. --- Semiotics. --- Seriousness. --- Slavery. --- Solipsism. --- Sophistication. --- Sordello. --- Spirituality. --- Stefano. --- Søren Kierkegaard. --- Terence. --- The Counterfeiters (novel). --- The Most Excellent. --- The Other Hand. --- To Be a Pilgrim. --- Trial by combat. --- Umberto Eco. --- Unam sanctam. --- Vanni Fucci. --- Virtuous pagan. --- Vittorio. --- Vox Clamantis.