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"Salafism has emerged as one of the most visible and questioned faces to contemporary Islam. In many countries from the East to the West, this fundamentalist vision seeking to restore a vision of Islam that is supposed to be pure and unchanged is increasingly successful. This is the case in France where thousands of Muslims are now dedicated to living this puritanical and fundamentalist religiosity. In connection with some Islamic countries, starting with Saudi Arabia, they appeal to a transnational narrative through which they promote a new face of globalization today. Reacting both political Islam and Jihadism, they prefer becoming entrepreneurs in order to seek for economic success. Splitting from the rest of the society, they prefer building a counter-narrative on behalf of which they represent the purest form of the Islamic identity nowadays. Through a prolonged immersion in French Salafist communities for several years, this book sheds light on the lifestyle, representations, profiles, and trajectories of these communities. By focusing on quietist Salafism and its formative ties with several Gulf countries, especially with Saudi Arabia, this book is also an attempt to understand contemporary religious globalizations. Besides this political globalization of Salafism, this also sheds light on a dynamic that is less centred on formal political entities, and which primarily refers to a globalization taking place in the margins that have been little studied for too long"--

Salafīyah --- Islam --- Muslims --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Salafiyya --- Islamic sects --- Attitudes --- Sociology of religion

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How does international context influence state policies toward religious minorities? Using parliamentary proceedings, court decisions, newspaper archives, and interviews, this book is the first systematic study that employs international context in the study of state policies toward religion, and that compares Turkey and France with regard to religious minorities. Comparing Christians in Turkey and Muslims in France, this book argues that policy change toward minorities becomes possible when strong domestic actors find a suitable international context that can help them execute their policy agendas. The Turkish Islamists used the European Union to transform the Turkish politics that brought a reformist moment for Christians in the 2000s. The Far Right in France utilized the rise of Islamophobia in Europe to adopt restrictive policies toward Muslims. Ramazan Kılınç argues that the presence of an international context that can favor particular groups over others, shifts the domestic balance of power, and makes some policies more likely to be implemented than others.

Secularism --- Religious minorities --- Islam and state --- Church and state --- Christians --- Muslims --- Ethics --- Irreligion --- Utilitarianism --- Atheism --- Postsecularism --- Secularization (Theology) --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Islam --- Minorities --- Political aspects --- Government relations --- E-books --- Government relations.

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This book looks at how Islamic law was practiced in Russia from the conquest of the empire's first Muslim territories in the mid-1500s to the Russian Revolution of 1917, when the empire's Muslim population had exceeded 20 million.

Islamic law --- Muslims --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Islam --- Civil law (Islamic law) --- Law, Arab --- Law, Islamic --- Law in the Qurʼan --- Sharia (Islamic law) --- Shariʻah (Islamic law) --- Law, Oriental --- Law, Semitic --- History.

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Sovereign Citizens --- sovereign citizen movement --- paper terrorism --- tax dodgers --- tax protestors --- Posse Comitatus --- anti-government --- extremism --- domestic terrorism --- Moors --- Moorish citizens --- criminal psychology --- criminology --- psychological methodology --- crime --- social sciences --- criminals --- criminal psychiatry --- criminal anthropology --- experiential research

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Breaching the Bronze Wall deals with the idea that the word of honorable Muslims constituted proof and with the concept that written documents and the word of non-Muslims were inferior. Foreign merchants in cities like Istanbul, Damascus or Alexandria could barely prove any claim, as neither their contracts nor their words were of any value if countered by Muslims. Francisco Apellániz explores how both groups labored to overcome these ‘biases against non-Muslims’ in the courts and markets of Mamluk Egypt and Syria of the 14th and 15th centuries, and how the Ottoman conquest (1517) imposed a new, orthodox view on the problem. The book dives into the Middle Eastern archive and the Ottoman Dīvān , and scrutinizes the intricacies of sharia and the handling of these intracacies by consuls, dragomans, qaḍīs and other legal actors.

History. --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Muslims. --- Islam. --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Mohammedans --- Moors (People) --- Moslems --- Muhammadans --- Musalmans --- Mussalmans --- Mussulmans --- Mussulmen --- Religious adherents --- Islam --- Middle Eastern history --- Egypt --- Syria --- Turkey --- History --- Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918 --- Authentication --- Dhimmis (Islamic law) --- Merchants --- Witnesses (Islamic law) --- Legal status, laws, etc.