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"This book provides a fresh perspective on the political agency of private entrepreneurs in contemporary China. Most Chinese scholarship describes this group as being politically acquiescent due to systematic co-optation by the party state. This book, however, argues that private entrepreneurs should be understood, and analytically conceptualized, as a 'strategic group' that makes use of different formal and informal channels to safeguard and expand its interests, though so far it has not challenged the current regime. State-business relations in contemporary China should thus be understood not in terms of mere clientelism, but as a dynamic symbiosis in which private entrepreneurs contribute substantially to policy and institutional change. This book is based on several years of comparative empirical fieldwork across China. With its rich and unique qualitative data and insights, this volume contributes significantly to our understanding of the political behaviour and impact of private entrepreneurs in contemporary China"--

Entrepreneurship --- Businesspeople --- Privatization

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Can privatizations live up to the expectation of reducing the size of the state? Or will the fears be proven true that privatization can push back on democratic principles and the rule of law? This study tackles four question: What requirements does the constitution lay on the execution of the state tasks? In which respects can the execution of state tasks be privatized? Which problems do the constitutional requirements cause for the privatized execution of tasks? Which room for maneuver does the constitutional requirements leave for the privatized execution? This study does not set out to re-invent the legal phenomenon of privatization or to describe it in a novel way. Rather, this study intends to simplify and to categorize. Privatizations are distinguished fundamentally into whether they concern the task-side or the execution-side of state activity. And it applies the constitutions' requirements in a general way, without delving into the specifics of certain tasks with their special dogmatic categories.

Privatization. --- Constitutional law. --- Public-private sector collaboration. --- Civil law. --- Switzerland.

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Can privatizations live up to the expectation of reducing the size of the state? Or will the fears be proven true that privatization can push back on democratic principles and the rule of law? This study tackles four question: What requirements does the constitution lay on the execution of the state tasks? In which respects can the execution of state tasks be privatized? Which problems do the constitutional requirements cause for the privatized execution of tasks? Which room for maneuver does the constitutional requirements leave for the privatized execution? This study does not set out to re-invent the legal phenomenon of privatization or to describe it in a novel way. Rather, this study intends to simplify and to categorize. Privatizations are distinguished fundamentally into whether they concern the task-side or the execution-side of state activity. And it applies the constitutions' requirements in a general way, without delving into the specifics of certain tasks with their special dogmatic categories.

Privatization. --- Constitutional law. --- Public-private sector collaboration. --- Civil law. --- Switzerland.

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The serious implications of privatizing state-owned enterprises for politicians, managers, and investors make such decisions highly contingent on firm characteristics and past performance, complicating the identification of the privatization effects. A unique opportunity for this identification arises from a rule of promotion of local politicians based on age requirements in China. This paper finds that Chinese cities whose top officials were older than age 58 were 20 percent less likely to privatize local state-owned enterprises during the wave of state-owned enterprise restructuring starting in the late 1990s. Relying on the regression discontinuity design, the analysis finds that privatizations led to productivity gains of more than 170 percent, an order of magnitude larger than the traditional estimates based on the firm fixed effect specification (including its random-growth variant). The paper further finds that the privatization effects are significantly larger when the government is less involved in the affairs of local firms. The findings underscore the need to deal with the time-varying selectivity of privatizations and highlight the crucial role that state-owned enterprise privatizations played in China's economic takeoff.

Career Concern --- Economic Takeoff --- Energy --- Energy Privatization --- Enterprise Development and Reform --- Politicians --- Private Sector Development --- Privatization --- Productivity --- Public Sector Development --- State-Owned Enterprises

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Corrections --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Criminal justice, Administration of. --- Privatization. --- Contracting out. --- Economic aspects.