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La chaîne photosynthétique de transport des électrons est un élément essentiel au bon développement des organismes photosynthétiques. Cette chaîne dépend notamment de protéines à centres Fer-Soufre (Fe-S) qui, en plus de leur rôle dans la chaîne, exercent des fonctions variées dans différents métabolismes importants de la cellule. Ces protéines Fe-S vont nécessiter un assemblage complexe, appelé « maturation des protéines Fe-S » au sein de systèmes spécifiques présents dans différents compartiments de la cellule : le système d’assemblage mitochondrial ISC (iron-sulfur cluster), le système d’assemblage cytosolique et nucléaire CIA (cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly) et le système chloroplastique SUF (sulfur mobilization). Lors de l’étape de maturation, des facteurs spécifiques de maturation vont jouer le rôle de transporteurs pour transférer les centres Fe-S synthétisés à des apoprotéines cibles ; c’est notamment le cas des facteurs chloroplastiques NFU1 et NFU3, récemment caractérisés chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Contrairement à ceux-ci, le rôle des facteurs NFU1 et NFU3 de Chlamydomonas n’est pas encore élucidé. Il a été proposé que CrNFU3 soit l’orthologue de AtNFU1, cependant les 2 protéines sont différentes, notamment par la présence d’une extension N-terminale chez CrNFU3. A l’aide de trois mutants provenant d’une banque, le facteur NFU3 a été caractérisé moléculairement et physiologiquement. Les résultats ont montré un retard de croissance, une diminution de l’activité du photosystème II et une dérégulation des mécanismes de dissipation d’énergie non-photochimique. De plus, suivant la position de la cassette d’inactivation, l’effet phénotypique est plus ou moins important, l’insertion de la cassette dans la 5’UTR du transcrit ayant un impact moins important, ce qui suggère que le transcrit NFU3 soit produit dans ce cas, bien que probablement moins stable. Enfin, les résultats suggèrent des différences par rapport à l’orthologue de NFU3 chez Arabidopsis thaliana, AtNFU1.

Fe-S --- Iron-Sulfur --- Maturation --- Chlamydomonas --- NFU3 --- Photochimie --- Caractérisation --- Chloroplaste --- Mutant --- Sciences du vivant > Biologie végétale (sciences végétales, sylviculture, mycologie...) --- Sciences du vivant > Biochimie, biophysique & biologie moléculaire

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The rising trend in the global energy demand poses new challenges to humankind. The energy and mechanical engineering sectors are called to develop new and more environmentally friendly solutions to harvest residual energy from primary production processes. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is an emerging energy system for power production and waste heat recovery. In the near future, this technology can play an increasing role within the energy generation sectors and can help achieve the carbon footprint reduction targets of many industrial processes and human activities. This Special Issue focuses on selected research and application cases of ORC-based waste heat recovery solutions. Topics included in this publication cover the following aspects: performance modeling and optimization of ORC systems based on pure and zeotropic mixture working fluids; applications of waste heat recovery via ORC to gas turbines and reciprocating engines; optimal sizing and operation of ORC under combined heat and power and district heating application; the potential of ORC on board ships and related issues; life cycle analysis for biomass application; ORC integration with supercritical CO2 cycle; and the proper design of the main ORC components, including fluid dynamics issues. The current state of the art is considered and some cutting-edge ORC technology research activities are examined in this book.

History of engineering & technology --- organic Rankine cycle system --- zeotropic mixture --- heat exchanger --- low grade heat --- thermodynamic optimization --- method comparison --- micro-ORC --- gear pump --- CFD --- mesh morphing --- pressure pulsation --- cavitation --- dynamic analysis --- energy analysis --- exergy analysis --- organic Rankine cycle --- waste heat recovery --- natural gas engine --- scroll --- opensource CFD --- OpenFOAM --- CoolFOAM --- WOM --- positive displacement machine --- expander --- ORC --- ORC integration technologies --- advanced thermodynamic cycles --- decentralised energy systems --- benzene --- toluene --- cyclopentane --- internal combustion engine --- cogeneration --- district heating --- low sulfur fuels --- regression model --- predictive model --- ship --- techno-economic feasibility --- machinery system optimization --- life cycle assessment --- biomass --- CHP --- carbon footprint of energy production --- Brayton --- environmental impact --- exergy --- life cycle analysis --- performance parameters

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This Special Issue includes recent research articles and extensive reviews on graphene-based next-generation electronics, bringing together perspectives from different branches of science and engineering. The papers presented in this volume cover experimental, computational and theoretical aspects of the electrical and thermal properties of graphene and its applications in batteries, electrodes, sensors and ferromagnetism. In addition, this Special Issue covers many important state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies regarding the synthesis, fabrication, characterization and applications of graphene-based nanocomposites.

Technology: general issues --- graphene --- chemical vapor deposition --- electronic materials --- enantiomer recognition --- phenylalanine --- liquid exfoliation --- polyvinylidene fluoride --- conductive adhesives --- flexiable --- carbon honeycomb --- molecular dynamics --- LAMMPS --- uniaxial tension --- nanoindentation --- EDLC --- rGO scrolls --- thiol functionalization --- supercapacitor --- energy and power density --- carbon foam --- nanomaterials --- phase change material --- thermal conductivity --- latent heat storage --- graphene oxide --- PEEP --- ROP --- grafting-from --- electrical --- thermal --- thermoelectric --- applications --- hydrogenated epitaxial graphene --- electronic structure --- ferromagnetism --- Graphene --- Graphene Oxide --- 2D materials --- Electrochemical --- Biosensor --- mechanical properties --- thermal properties --- defect --- molecular dynamic --- CVD graphene --- transfer --- ruga --- wrinkle --- ripple --- Raman spectroscopy --- AFM --- SnO2 aerogel --- sol–gel method --- nanocomposite --- photocatalysis --- PVDF --- HDPE --- graphene nanoplatelet --- nanocomposites --- electrical properties --- electronic and thermal properties --- electronic and thermal conductivity --- quantum Hall effect --- Dirac fermions --- Seebeck coefficient --- thermoelectric effect --- graphene-based applications --- metasurface --- phase shift --- polarization --- wavefront shaping --- tunability --- humidity sensors --- reduced graphene oxide --- chemical modified graphene --- graphene/polymer --- graphene quantum dots --- graphene/metal oxide --- graphene/2D materials --- carbon-coated separator --- polysulfide --- shuttle effect --- lithium–sulfur batteries --- pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO) --- isotropic pitch --- carbon fiber --- transparent heater --- PECVD --- n/a --- sol-gel method --- lithium-sulfur batteries

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"Earth Observations for Addressing Global Challenges" presents the results of cutting-edge research related to innovative techniques and approaches based on satellite remote sensing data, the acquisition of earth observations, and their applications in the contemporary practice of sustainable development. Addressing the urgent tasks of adaptation to climate change is one of the biggest global challenges for humanity. As His Excellency António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, said, "Climate change is the defining issue of our time—and we are at a defining moment. We face a direct existential threat." For many years, scientists from around the world have been conducting research on earth observations collecting vital data about the state of the earth environment. Evidence of the rapidly changing climate is alarming: according to the World Meteorological Organization, the past two decades included 18 of the warmest years since 1850, when records began. Thus, Group on Earth Observations (GEO) has launched initiatives across multiple societal benefit areas (agriculture, biodiversity, climate, disasters, ecosystems, energy, health, water, and weather), such as the Global Forest Observations Initiative, the GEO Carbon and GHG Initiative, the GEO Biodiversity Observation Network, and the GEO Blue Planet, among others. The results of research that addressed strategic priorities of these important initiatives are presented in the monograph.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- snow albedo radiative forcing --- snow albedo feedback --- radiative kernel --- remote sensing --- cloud fraction --- integrated liquid water --- integrated water vapour --- diurnal cycle --- microwave radiometer --- classification --- self-learning --- training data --- crop --- leaf area index --- comparison --- MODIS --- uncertainty --- China --- EVI --- climatic factor --- driving force --- grey relational analysis (GRA) --- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) --- Earth Observation (EO) --- satellite --- sensors --- platform --- SAR --- GNSS-R --- optical sensors --- polar --- weather --- ice --- marine --- land surface temperature --- urban heat island --- surface urban heat island --- land use --- land management unit --- Earth observation --- radiometer --- VIS/NIR imager --- terrestrial ecosystem --- MODIS GPP product --- calibration --- arid region --- oasis-desert ecosystem --- Land use and land cover (LULC) --- cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning --- particulate matter (PM10) --- sulfur dioxide (SO2) --- El Niño 2015-16 --- trace gases --- Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere --- snow albedo radiative forcing --- snow albedo feedback --- radiative kernel --- remote sensing --- cloud fraction --- integrated liquid water --- integrated water vapour --- diurnal cycle --- microwave radiometer --- classification --- self-learning --- training data --- crop --- leaf area index --- comparison --- MODIS --- uncertainty --- China --- EVI --- climatic factor --- driving force --- grey relational analysis (GRA) --- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) --- Earth Observation (EO) --- satellite --- sensors --- platform --- SAR --- GNSS-R --- optical sensors --- polar --- weather --- ice --- marine --- land surface temperature --- urban heat island --- surface urban heat island --- land use --- land management unit --- Earth observation --- radiometer --- VIS/NIR imager --- terrestrial ecosystem --- MODIS GPP product --- calibration --- arid region --- oasis-desert ecosystem --- Land use and land cover (LULC) --- cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning --- particulate matter (PM10) --- sulfur dioxide (SO2) --- El Niño 2015-16 --- trace gases --- Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere

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This Special Issue on “Catalysts for Syngas Production”, included in the Catalysts open access journal, shows new research about the development of catalysts and catalytic routes for syngas production, and the optimization of the reaction conditions for the process. This issue includes ten articles about the different innovative processes for syngas production. Synthesis gas (or syngas) is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, with different chemical composition and H2/CO molar ratios, depending on the feedstock and production technology used. Syngas may be obtained from alternative sources to oil, such as natural gas, coal, biomass, organic wastes, etc. Syngas is a very good intermediate for the production of high value compounds at the industrial scale, such as hydrogen, methanol, liquid fuels, and a wide range of chemicals. Accordingly, efforts should be made on the co-feeding of CO2 with syngas, as an alternative for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, more syngas will be required in the near future, in order to satisfy the demand for synfuels and high value chemicals.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- x%Co-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 --- steam reforming --- regeneration --- thermal stability --- anti-coking ability --- carbon --- combined Co-Fe species --- deactivation --- hydrogen production --- methane decomposition --- Ni catalysts --- combustion method --- dry reforming of methane --- RWGS reaction --- improved stability --- CH4 --- CeO2 --- dry reforming --- MgO --- Ni --- TiO2 --- syngas production --- hydrogen sulfide --- carbon dioxide --- Ni-Mo sulfide semiconductor --- non-thermal plasma --- methane steam reforming --- bench scale --- effectiveness factor --- Sulfur tolerant water gas shift catalyst --- steam/gas ratio --- Mo-Co/alkali/Al2O3 catalyst --- catalyst deactivation --- syngas --- H2 production --- Hydrogen --- Low Temperature Steam Reforming --- Rh4(CO)12 cluster --- microemulsion synthesis --- CeZr oxide --- Zr oxide --- heterogeneous catalysis --- solar thermochemical --- iridium catalyst --- rhodium catalyst --- catalytic cracking --- ethylene --- carbon nanofilaments --- hydrogen --- x%Co-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 --- steam reforming --- regeneration --- thermal stability --- anti-coking ability --- carbon --- combined Co-Fe species --- deactivation --- hydrogen production --- methane decomposition --- Ni catalysts --- combustion method --- dry reforming of methane --- RWGS reaction --- improved stability --- CH4 --- CeO2 --- dry reforming --- MgO --- Ni --- TiO2 --- syngas production --- hydrogen sulfide --- carbon dioxide --- Ni-Mo sulfide semiconductor --- non-thermal plasma --- methane steam reforming --- bench scale --- effectiveness factor --- Sulfur tolerant water gas shift catalyst --- steam/gas ratio --- Mo-Co/alkali/Al2O3 catalyst --- catalyst deactivation --- syngas --- H2 production --- Hydrogen --- Low Temperature Steam Reforming --- Rh4(CO)12 cluster --- microemulsion synthesis --- CeZr oxide --- Zr oxide --- heterogeneous catalysis --- solar thermochemical --- iridium catalyst --- rhodium catalyst --- catalytic cracking --- ethylene --- carbon nanofilaments --- hydrogen