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In the first centuries of Islam, Arabic gradually replaced Middle Persian to become the language of the new religion and the administration of Iran. Works in Middle Persian were translated into Arabic and Persian authors also started writing directly in Arabic. From the fifth/eleventh century onward, there arose a need for works in New Persian, either translated from Arabic or composed in New Persian straightaway. The work published in this volume is a product of that period. Not much is known about the life of its author, Shahmardān b. Abi ʼl-Khayr. A resident of Gurgān and Astarābād, he was a scholar who also worked as a secretary and financial officer. In astronomy, he was a student of Abu ʼl-Ḥasan Nasawī (fl. 2nd quart. 5th/11th cent.). Shahmardān's work is an accessible, popularized compilation of the works of others, among them Abū Maʿshar (d. 272/886), Kushyār b. Labbān (fl. late 4th/10th cent.), and Bīrūnī (d. 440/1048)
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Culture scientifique et technique --- Sciences --- Science, Medieval --- Sciences médiévales. --- Science, Medieval - Congresses --- Sciences médiévales.
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"Science in Byzantium has rarely been systematically explored. A first of its kind, this collection of essays highlights the disciplines, achievements, and contexts of Byzantine science across the eleven centuries of the Byzantine empire. After an introduction on science in Byzantium and the 21st century, and a study of Christianization and the teaching of science in Byzantium, it offers a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the scientific disciplines cultivated in Byzantium, from the exact to the natural sciences, medicine, polemology, and the occult sciences. The volume showcases the diversity and vivacity of the varied scientific endeavours in the Byzantine world across its long history, and aims to bring the field into broader conversations within Byzantine studies, medieval studies, and history of science. Contributors are Fabio Acerbi, Anne-Laurence Caudano, Gonzalo Andreotti Cruz, Katerina Ierodiakonou, Herve Inglebert, Stavros Lazaris, Divna Manolova, Maria K. Papathanassiou, Inmaculada Pérez Martín, Thomas Salmon, Ioannis Telelis, Anne Tihon, Alain Touwaide, Arnaud Zucker."--
Science, Medieval --- History --- Sciences médiévales --- Histoire. --- History. --- Medieval science --- E-books --- Science --- Learning and scholarship --- Byzantine Empire --- Civilization. --- Intellectual life. --- Erudition --- Scholarship --- Civilization --- Intellectual life --- Education --- Research --- Scholars --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Byzantium (Empire) --- Vizantii︠a︡ --- Bajo Imperio --- Bizancjum --- Byzantinē Autokratoria --- Vyzantinon Kratos --- Vyzantinē Autokratoria --- Impero bizantino --- Bizantia --- Science, Medieval - Byzantine Empire - History
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"Dans les sources médiévales, le vol humain est rarement abordé de front : la tentative catastrophique du moine anglais Eilmer de Malmesbury, la machine à voler rêvée par Roger Bacon ou la nef flottant au-dessus de l’air imaginée par Albert de Saxe et Nicole Oresme font figure d’exceptions célèbres. Pourtant, cette question des vols fut un véritable défi intellectuel pour la pensée médiévale. Qu’ils soient portés par la force naturelle des oiseaux, par les esprits (âmes, anges ou démons) ou encore par l’ingéniosité humaine, les vols mettent en jeu de riches spéculations explicites ou indirectes. Et ce fut une gageure pour la science scolastique de penser le possible maintien d’un corps lourd dans l’air par projection, grâce au feu ou à l’air chaud, grâce au magnétisme ou par l’effet de l’horreur du vide. Dans cet essai historique original, Nicolas Weill-Parot enquête sur la confrontation de la science avec la magie, la technique ou la théologie. Travaillant au plus près de nombreuses sources, il trace une nouvelle histoire de la pensée du vol dans les airs : celle de la conceptualisation scientifique d’une réalité inaccessible."
Science, Medieval. --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Flight --- Flight testing --- History --- Religious aspects. --- Sciences médiévales --- Vol --- Moyen Âge --- Sciences médiévales. --- Voyages dans les airs --- Apesanteur --- Aspect religieux
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