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Social problems

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Social problems

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During the 1950s, amid increased attention to the problems facing cities—such as racial disparities in housing, education, and economic conditions; tense community-police relations; and underrepresentation of minority groups—local governments developed an interest in “human relations.” In the wake of the shocking 1965 Watts uprising, a new authority was created: the Los Angeles City Human Relations Commission. Today, such commissions exist all over the United States, charged with addressing such tasks as fighting racial discrimination and improving fair housing access.Brian Calfano and Valerie Martinez-Ebers examine the history and current efforts of human relations commissions in promoting positive intergroup outcomes and enforcing antidiscrimination laws. Drawing on a wide range of theories and methods from political science, social psychology, and public administration, they assess policy approaches, successes, and failures in four cities. The book sheds light on the advantages and disadvantages of different commission types and considers the stresses and expectations placed on commission staff in carrying out difficult agendas in highly charged political contexts. Calfano and Martinez-Ebers suggest that the path to full inclusion is fraught with complications but that human rights commissions provide guidance as to how disparate groups can be brought together to forge a common purpose. The first book to examine these widely occurring yet understudied political bodies, Human Relations Commissions is relevant to a range of urban policy issues of interest to both academics and practitioners.

Social problems

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Suite aux attentats terroristes survenus à Paris en novembre 2015, l’État belge a été critiqué pour son laxisme dans la lutte contre le terrorisme et la radicalisation. En particulier, l’éclatement de la structure antiterroriste belge et le manque de coordination entre les services de sécurité ont été pointés du doigt. Quelques mois plus tard, en mars 2016, les attentats de Bruxelles et de Zaventem ont confirmé que plusieurs aspects de la lutte antiterroriste devaient être renforcés en Belgique, notamment la gestion des flux d’informations. En particulier, a été critiquée la confusion qui entoure les rôles de chacun des services de renseignement et de sécurité : en raison d’une architecture fragmentée, les missions des multiples acteurs semblent se recouvrir et les responsabilités se perdre. Dans l’État fédéral qu’est la Belgique, la lutte contre le terrorisme dépend en effet de l’action et de la coordination d’une multitude d’acteurs, allant des traditionnels professionnels de la sécurité aux travailleurs sociaux en passant par les administrations des différents niveaux de pouvoir. À cela s’ajoutent une culture du secret et la confidentialité inhérente aux enjeux de sécurité, avec pour résultat une organisation de la lutte antiterroriste qui peut sembler floue et peu lisible. Si certains de ces reproches ont paru excessifs aux professionnels de la sécurité, les autorités belges n’en ont pas moins décidé de tirer des leçons de ces expériences tragiques. Ce Courrier hebdomadaire présente les évolutions récentes de la lutte antiterroriste belge au niveau fédéral et dresse un état des lieux de la situation actuelle : législation, orientations, structures, instruments, organes et actions. Alors que les citoyens belges sont amenés à apprendre à vivre avec la menace terroriste et que cette dernière justifie souvent des mesures politiques qui restreignent les droits fondamentaux et les libertés individuelles, cette étude permet de comprendre comment s’organise la lutte contre le terrorisme en Belgique

Social problems --- Polemology --- Belgium

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This book looks at the ways that energy, food, and water help to create connections between sustainability and security. The concept of security is in our current societies increasingly connected with sustainability, which seeks to ensure that we as humans are able to live and prosper on this planet now and in the future. The concepts of energy security, food security, and water security--used separately or together--manifest the burgeoning linkages between security and sustainability. This book brings together ten scientific articles that look at different aspects of security, sustainability, and resilience with an emphasis on energy, food, and/or water in the context of Finland and Europe. Together, the articles portray a rich picture on the diverse linkages between both energy, food, and water, and between security and sustainability. In sum, the articles and related preface conclude that ensuring sustainable security--or secure sustainability--requires systemic, structured processes that link the policies and actors in these two important but still distant fields.

Social history --- Social problems.