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Les Wateringues, ces administrations qui ont été remises au goût du jour dans la réforme du Code de l’Eau en 2018. Que sont-elles ? Quels sont les intérêts de cette gestion particulière ? Quels sont ces paysages du quotidien que l’on peut rencontrer sur ces territoires et comment les représenter ? 
« Wateringues » est une appellation particulière pour désigner à la fois un fossé et à la fois l’ensemble des terres, irriguées par un réseau de fossés et cours d’eau, gérées par un ensemble de propriétaires pour maintenir un régime d’eau favorable à l’agriculture. Ces pratiques existent en Région wallonne depuis des siècles, mais la reconnaissance sous de telles administrations n’a été avérée que dès le XIXème siècle, et très peu de wallons en connaissent l’existence, encore moins les paysages associés. Ainsi se posent les objectifs suivants : comprendre et identifier les dynamiques des milieux de Wateringues, présenter et illustrer les paysages générés par ces administrations, et enfin évaluer les effets de deux modes de gestion de ces milieux.
Ce travail de fin d’études vise alors à analyser la faible littérature traitant du sujet dans notre Région et à proximité afin d’en comprendre leur fonctionnement et leurs enjeux. S’ensuivra une étude de 3 cas représentatifs de la variété des caractéristiques que l’on peut y retrouver afin d’en tirer un aperçu de ces paysages méconnus. Enfin, deux scénarios sont ensuite proposés et appliqués sur chaque cas d’étude, afin d’appréhender deux modes de gestion et les paysages qui en ressortent d’ici 2050. Le premier cas consiste en l’inaction, où l’on continue comme aujourd’hui. Le second envisage un développement durable, où la gestion s’appuie principalement sur des valeurs environnementales. Les paysages de Wateringues et leurs évolutions possibles seront illustrés grâce à un reportage photographique au travers du document, ainsi que via des dessins et blocs diagrammes paysagers.
La finalité de ce travail est premièrement de contribuer à l’étude d’un type de paysage du quotidien méconnu, deuxièmement d’identifier les paysages particuliers de ces administrations et troisièmement de servir d’outil de discussion aux principaux acteurs gérant ces territoires. Par le biais de cette étude, on ne peut négliger la place de l’architecte du paysage dans l’anticipation de l’impact de certains modes de gestion sur un territoire et les paysages qui en découlent. The « Wateringues », those public administrations that have been brought up to date in the reform of the « Code de l’eau » (the Water Code) in 2018. What are they? What are the purposes of this unusual form of territorial management? What are these everyday landscapes that we encounter across such territories and how can they be represented?
Wateringues is a peculiar name for both a ditch and all the land where a network of these ditches and watercourses are spread out. These lands are administered by a set of owners in order to maintain a favourable water regime for agriculture. These methods have existed in the Walloon Region for centuries but were only acknowledged under such administrations in the 19th century, and very few Walloons are aware of them - let alone the associated landscapes. Thus, the following objectives are set; to understand and identify the dynamics of the Wateringues environments, to describe and illustrate the landscapes generated by these administrations, and finally to evaluate the effects of two management methods for these environments.
This master’s thesis then aims to analyse the limited literature covering the subject in and around our Region and nearby in order to understand how it works and what is at stake. This will be followed by a study of three representative cases of the variety of characteristics that can be found therein, providing an overview of the little-known landscapes. Finally, two scenarios are then suggested and applied to each case-study, in order to grasp two management methods and the resulting landscapes between now and 2050. The first one consists of inaction, where we continue just as we are doing today. The second involves sustainable development, where management is mainly based on environmental values. The Wateringues landscapes and their possible evolutions will be illustrated through a pictorial report throughout the paper, as well as via drawings and landscape block diagrams.
The goals of this work are firstly to contribute to the study of an unknown type of everyday landscape, secondly to identify the particular landscapes of these administrations, and thirdly to serve as a discussion tool for the main actors in charge of these lands. With this study, we cannot neglect the importance of the landscape architect in anticipating the impact of various management methods on a territory and the resulting landscapes.

Wateringues --- Paysage du quotidien --- Paysage remarqué --- Identité paysagère --- Wallonie --- Étude de cas --- 'Wateringues' --- Everyday landscape --- Noticed landscape --- Landscape identity --- Wallonia --- Case study --- Sciences du vivant > Multidisciplinaire, généralités & autres

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Local Content and Sustainable Development in Global Energy Markets analyses the topical and contentious issue of the critical intersections between local content requirements (LCRs) and the implementation of sustainable development treaties in global energy markets including Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, South America, Australasia and the Middle East While LCRs generally aim to boost domestic value creation and economic growth, inappropriately designed LCRs could produce negative social, human rights and environmental outcomes, and a misalignment of a country's fiscal policies and global sustainable development goals. These unintended outcomes may ultimately serve as disincentive to foreign participation in a country's energy market. This book outlines the guiding principles of a sustainable and rights-based approach - focusing on transparency, accountability, gender justice and other human rights issues - to the design, application and implementation of LCRs in global energy markets to avoid misalignments.

Energy consumption --- Energy policy. --- Renewable energy sources --- Power resources --- Sustainable development --- Energy conservation --- Law and legislation. --- Law and economic development --- Environmental law --- Energy and state --- State and energy --- Industrial policy --- Government policy --- energy policy. --- energy market. --- international market. --- energy consumption. --- sustainable development. --- case study. --- esettanulmány --- rast studimor --- περιπτωσιολογική μελέτη --- prípadová štúdia --- casestudy --- fallstudie --- cás-staidéar --- atvejo tyrimas --- studiu de caz --- анализа случаја --- estudo de casos --- gadījumu izpēte --- студија на случај --- Fallstudie --- estudio de casos --- juhtumiuuring --- tapaustutkimus --- étude de cas --- případová studie --- studia przypadków --- изучаване на процеса --- analiza slučaja --- študija primera --- studio di fattispecie --- studju tal-każijiet --- estudio de caso práctico --- estudio de casos típicos --- gadījumu studijas --- case-study --- análisis de casos típicos --- problemos nagrinėjimas --- анализа на случај --- детално проучување на случај --- análisis de ejemplos concretos --- studija slučaja --- estudio de casos concretos --- estudio de ejemplos prácticos --- proučavanje slučaja --- детално следење на случај --- darnus vystymasis --- fenntartható fejlődés --- održivi razvoj --- дълготрайно развитие --- varig udvikling --- одржлив развој --- żvilupp sostenibbli --- trvalo udržateľný rozvoj --- développement durable --- säästev areng --- hållbar utveckling --- zhvillim i qëndrueshëm --- одрживи развој --- forbairt inbhuanaithe --- kestävä kehitys --- desenvolvimento sustentável --- trvale udržitelný rozvoj --- αειφόρος ανάπτυξη --- dauerhafte Entwicklung --- dezvoltare durabilă --- sviluppo sostenibile --- ekorozwój --- ilgtspējīga attīstība --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- desarrollo sostenible --- trajnostni razvoj --- bioekonomie --- bioekonómia --- développement soutenable --- bioenergetyka --- ekorazvoj --- développement viable --- trvalý rozvoj --- tvarioji plėtra --- bæredygtig udvikling --- ekološko utemeljeni razvoj --- økologisk udvikling --- οικοανάπτυξη --- udržateľný rozvoj --- bioøkonomi --- bioeconomía --- sviluppo praticabile --- desenvolvimento sustentado --- desenvolvimento durável --- bioéconomie --- ecodesenvolvimento --- ecodesarrollo --- bioekonomija --- bio-economie --- eco-ontwikkeling --- ökológiai fejlődés --- βιοοικονομία --- биоекономија --- rozvoj udržitelný --- nachhaltige Entwicklung --- eco-development --- umweltgerechte Entwicklung --- βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη --- jätkusuutlik areng --- ekologicky uvědomělý rozvoj --- sviluppo durevole --- ökologische Entwicklung --- ecosviluppo --- bio-ekonomiska attīstība --- ekologinė plėtra --- bio-economy --- bioeconomia --- bioökonoomia --- ekozhvillim --- bioekonomia --- écodéveloppement --- bioekonomi --- bioekonomika --- uthållig utveckling --- Biowirtschaft --- еколошки развој --- zrównoważony rozwój --- biogazdaság --- bioeconomy --- σταθερή και διαρκής ανάπτυξη --- desenvolvimento viável --- zukunftsfähige Entwicklung --- desarrollo duradero --- tomhailt fuinnimh --- Energieverbrauch --- потрошња енергије --- zużycie energii --- consumo de energía --- energiankulutus --- consommation d'énergie --- energetická spotreba --- konsum tal-enerġija --- energiforbrug --- потрошувачка на енергија --- konsum i energjisë --- κατανάλωση ενέργειας --- potrošnja energije --- energijos (su)vartojimas --- потребление на енергия --- spotřeba energie --- energiatarbimine --- energieverbruik --- consumo de energia --- energiförbrukning --- consum energetic --- energiafogyasztás --- consumo d'energia --- enerģijas patēriņš --- poraba energije --- energiahasználat --- spotreba energie --- consum de energie --- ídiú fuinnimh --- energia kasutamine --- use of energy --- energetická spotřeba --- consumo energetico --- mezinárodní trh --- mercado internacional --- kansainväliset markkinat --- международен пазар --- internationaler Markt --- rahvusvaheline turg --- internationalt marked --- međunarodno tržište --- rynek międzynarodowy --- marché international --- tarptautinė rinka --- међународно тржиште --- διεθνής αγορά --- mercato internazionale --- treg ndërkombëtar --- internationale markt --- starptautiskais tirgus --- suq internazzjonali --- меѓународен пазар --- internationell marknad --- nemzetközi piac --- margadh idirnáisiúnta --- piață internațională --- medzinárodný trh --- mednarodni trg --- wereldmarkt --- verdensmarked --- situazione del mercato mondiale --- состојба на светскиот пазар --- maailmaturu olukord --- Weltmarktlage --- situatë e tregut botëror --- tillståndet på världsmarknaden --- maailmaturg --- světový trh --- κατάσταση της παγκόσμιας αγοράς --- világpiac --- svjetsko tržište --- situação do mercado mundial --- situation du marché mondial --- situația pieței mondiale --- pasaulinės rinkos padėtis --- maailmanmarkkinat --- stav svetového trhu --- world market --- treg botëror --- situace na světovém trhu --- world market situation --- παγκόσμια αγορά --- pasaulinė rinka --- svetový trh --- pasaules tirgus situācija --- világpiaci helyzet --- situación del mercado mundial --- marché mondial --- mercato mondiale --- pasaules tirgus --- piață mondială --- världsmarknad --- mercado mundial --- situatie op de wereldmarkt --- maailmanmarkkinatilanne --- verdensmarkedssituation --- Weltmarkt --- marché de l’énergie --- енергетски пазар --- mercado da energia --- piața energiei --- Energiemarkt  --- rynek energii --- trg energije --- energiemarkt --- energimarknad --- energetsko tržište --- mercado de la energía --- energimarked --- suq tal-enerġija --- energiapiac --- енергиен пазар --- mercato dell'energia --- trh s energií --- energijos rinka --- margadh fuinnimh --- trh s energiou --- ενεργειακή αγορά --- energiamarkkinat --- energiaturg --- enerģijas tirgus --- energiesector --- energiasektor --- energy sector --- settur tal-enerġija --- secteur de l’énergie --- energiavarustussektor --- energetické odvětví --- energosektors --- energisektor --- energiaágazat --- energia-ala --- energetikos sektorius --- sector energético --- ενεργειακός τομέας --- settore dell'energia --- power sector --- sektor energetyczny --- odvětví energetiky --- setor da energia --- energetski sektor --- energisituation --- energetická politika --- energetikos politika --- politique énergétique --- energetska politika --- energiapoliitika --- energiapolitiikka --- енергийна политика --- politika tal-enerġija --- ενεργειακή πολιτική --- política energética --- Energiepolitik --- politica energetica --- energiebeleid --- energiapolitika --- energipolitik --- enerģētikas politika --- politică energetică --- politikë energjetike --- енергетска политика --- polityka energetyczna --- beartas fuinnimh --- strategia energetica --- obiettivo energetico --- политика за енергетика --- politica energetica nazionale --- мерки за енергетска ефикасност --- atomprogram --- opzione energetica --- atompolitik --- politica dell'energia --- piano energetico --- енергетска стратегија --- sviluppo energetico --- energetický sektor