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La 4e de couverture indique : "Pour la première fois depuis plus d’un siècle, les milliardaires américains paient moins d’impôts, en proportion de leurs revenus, que chacun des autres groupes sociaux. Écrit par deux économistes qui ont révolutionné l’étude des inégalités, ce livre présente une analyse au scalpel de cette grande transformation. Mêlant récit historique et analyse économique, Emmanuel Saez et Gabriel Zucman analysent les choix (et non-choix) qui ont conduit au triomphe de cette injustice fiscale, de l’exonération progressive des revenus du capital au développement d’une nouvelle industrie de l’évasion fiscale, en passant par l’engrenage de la concurrence fiscale internationale. Avec clarté et concision, ils expliquent comment l’Amérique, qui a été à la pointe du combat pour la justice fiscale pendant la moitié du xxe siècle, a tourné le dos à sa propre tradition. Si l’on veut éviter que l’Europe ne s’enfonce dans la dérive inégalitaire et oligarchique qui a amené Donald Trump au pouvoir, il y a urgence à tirer les leçons de cette histoire. Car même si ce phénomène a été extrême de l’autre côté de l’Atlantique, le déclin de la progressivité fiscale dans un contexte de montée des inégalités n‘est en rien spécifique aux États-Unis, et appelle des solutions globales. Le Triomphe de l’injustice propose une refondation de l’impôt à la fois visionnaire et pragmatique, à même d’apporter des solutions concrètes aux défis inégalitaires contemporains et de réconcilier la mondialisation et la justice économique."

Rich people --- Tax incidence --- Income distribution --- Taxation --- Equality

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This paper explores the interplay between concentration of wealth and policies, namely regulation and taxation. The paper exploits variation in exposure to international commodity prices. Using a global panel data set of the net worth of billionaires, the results point to a positive relationship between commodity prices and the concentration of wealth at the top. Regulation especially pertaining to competition is found to limit the effects of commodity price shocks on the concentration of wealth, while taxation has little effect. Moreover, commodity price shocks crowd out non-resource tax revenue, hence limiting the scope for income transfers and redistribution. The results are consistent with the primacy of ex ante interventions over ex post ones for addressing wealth inequality.

Commodities --- Commodity Prices --- Competition --- Development --- Income Transfers --- Inequality --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Natural Resource Management --- Poverty Reduction --- Public Sector Development --- Redistribution --- Regulation --- Small Business Economics --- Tax Incidence --- Taxation --- Taxation and Subsidies --- Wealth Concentration

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The rural land use fee and agricultural income tax are major payments for rural landholders in Ethiopia. This paper examines the gender implications of these taxes using tax payment and individual land ownership data from the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey 2018/2019. It finds that the rural land use fee and agricultural income tax, which are assessed on the area of landholdings, are regressive. Female-headed- and female adult-only households bear a larger tax burden than male-headed and dual-adult households. Norms limiting women's role in agriculture and gender agricultural productivity gaps are likely to result in lower consumption and accordingly, a higher tax burden for female-headed households than for male-headed households. Reducing the tax rates for smallholders can diminish the gender difference in tax burdens, but the tax continues to be regressive. This highlights the difficulty of area-based land taxes to be vertically equitable.

Agriculture --- Gender --- Gender and Development --- Gender and Economic Policy --- Gender and Poverty --- Gender and Rural Development --- Inequality --- Land Ownership --- Land Use Policy --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Poverty Reduction --- Regressive Tax --- Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction --- Smallholder Farmers --- Tax Incidence --- Taxation --- Taxation and Subsidies