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Kant conceived of 'critique' as a kind of winnowing exercise, with the aim of separating the wheat of good metaphysics from the chaff of bad. He used a less familiar metaphor to make this point, namely, that of 'the fiery test of critique'-not a medieval ordeal of trial by fire, but rather a metallurgical assay, or cupellation, a procedure in which ore samples are tested for their precious-metal content. When seen in this light, critique has a positive, investigatory side: it seeks not merely to eliminate bad, 'dogmatic' metaphysics but also to uncover what of philosophical value might be contained in traditional speculative metaphysics. In this comprehensive study of the Transcendental Dialectic in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, Proops argues that Kant uncovered two nuggets of value: the indirect proof of Transcendental Idealism afforded by the resolution of the Antinomies, and a defence of theoretically grounded 'doctrinal beliefs' in a wise and great originator, on the one hand, and in an afterlife, on the other. This examination of critique engages with Kant's views on a number of central problems in philosophy and meta-philosophy: the explanation of the enduring human impulse towards metaphysics, the correct philosophical method, the limits of self-knowledge, the possibility of human freedom, the resolution of metaphysical paradox ('Antinomy'), the justification of faith, the nature of scepticism, and the role of 'as if' reasoning in natural science.

Metaphysics --- Dialectic --- Kant, Immanuel, --- Reason. --- Philosophy. --- Kritik der reinen Vernunft (Kant, Immanuel) --- Metaphysics. --- Dialectic. --- Kant, Immanuel, - 1724-1804

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Rationalist Empiricism is a study of the dialectical relation between reason and experience in ancient, modern, and contemporary philosophy, engaging as well with political theory, the science of measurement, and experimental photography. Across these fields, it shows that coordinating the discrepant claims of rationalism and empiricism is the key to reconciling the speculative and critical vocations of theory and practice.

Empiricism. --- Badiou. --- Dialectic. --- Digital Art. --- Hegel. --- Marx. --- Materialism. --- Meillassoux. --- Metrology. --- Rationalism. --- Speculative Realism.

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Hegels spekulative Logik ist eine Theorie der absoluten Subjektivität, in der das reine Denken seinen vollständigen und durchgängig begründeten Begriff im Rahmen eines kontinuierlichen Prozesses der kritischen Selbstprüfung und autokorrektiven Weiterbestimmung gewinnt und sich in der systematischen Totalität seiner Momente, in die es sich dabei produktiv entfaltet, selbst erfasst. Die dialektische Methode stellt dabei sowohl die einheitliche Struktur dieser Entwicklung dar als auch deren höchstes und finales Resultat, in welchem das aktive Formprinzip der Logik und die unterschiedenen Bedeutungs- und Vermittlungsstadien des logischen Inhalts sich schlussendlich zu einer in sich konkreten Einheit vervollständigen. Die Arbeit untersucht diese prozessuale und teleologisch organisierte Struktur des sich selbst denkenden Denkens in systematischer und historisch-kontextualisierender Perspektive und unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer metaphysischen Dimension.

Logic --- Dialectic --- Metaphysics --- Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, --- Hegel, Georg W.F. --- Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, - 1770-1831

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This LNCS book is part of the FOLLI book series and constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Logic, Rationality, and Interaction, LORI 2021, held in Xi`an, China, in October 2021. The 15 full papers presented together with 7 short papers in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The workshop covers a wide range on the following topics such as doxastic and epistemic logics, deontic logic, intuitionistic and subsstructural logics, voting theory, and (a new theme emphasized this year) causal inference.

Logic --- Logic. --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology

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Logic. --- Reasoning. --- Argumentation --- Ratiocination --- Reason --- Thought and thinking --- Judgment (Logic) --- Logic --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Methodology