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The chapters collected in the volume Passives Cross-Linguistically provide analyses of passive constructions across different languages and populations from the interface perspectives between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. The contributions are, in principle, all based on the background of generative grammatical theory. In addition to the theoretical contributions of the first part of this volume, all solidly built on rich empirical bases, some experimental works are presented, which explore passives from a psycholinguistic perspective based on theoretical insights. The languages/language families covered in the contributions include South Asian languages (Odia/Indo-Aryan and Telugu/Dravidian, but also Kharia/Austro-Asiatic), Japanese, Arabic, English, German, Modern Greek, and several modern Romance varieties (Catalan, Romanian, and especially southern Italian dialects) as well as Vedic Sanskrit and Ancient Greek.
Linguistics. --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Passive voice --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative
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A classical viewpoint claims that reality consists of both things and stuff, and that we need a way to discuss these aspects of reality. This is achieved by using +count terms to talk about things while using +mass terms to talk about stuff. Bringing together contributions from internationally-renowned experts across interrelated disciplines, this book explores the relationship between mass and count nouns in a number of syntactic environments, and across a range of languages. It both explains how languages differ in their methods for describing these two fundamental categories of reality, and shows the many ways that modern linguistics looks to describe them. It also explores how the notions of count and mass apply to 'abstract nouns', adding a new dimension to the countability discussion. With its pioneering approach to the fundamental questions surrounding mass-count distinction, this book will be essential reading for researchers in formal semantics and linguistic typology.
Grammar, Comparative and general --- Semantics --- Language and languages --- Mass nouns --- Numerals --- Quantifiers --- Philosophy --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative
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A classical viewpoint claims that reality consists of both things and stuff, and that we need a way to discuss these aspects of reality. This is achieved by using +count terms to talk about things while using +mass terms to talk about stuff. Bringing together contributions from internationally-renowned experts across interrelated disciplines, this book explores the relationship between mass and count nouns in a number of syntactic environments, and across a range of languages. It both explains how languages differ in their methods for describing these two fundamental categories of reality, and shows the many ways that modern linguistics looks to describe them. It also explores how the notions of count and mass apply to 'abstract nouns', adding a new dimension to the countability discussion. With its pioneering approach to the fundamental questions surrounding mass-count distinction, this book will be essential reading for researchers in formal semantics and linguistic typology.
Lexicology. Semantics --- Philosophy of language --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Semantics --- Language and languages --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Mass nouns --- Numerals --- Quantifiers --- Philosophy --- Grammar, Comparative
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This book explores if/si-constructions in spoken English, French and Spanish, from a functional-pragmatic and corpus-based perspective. The analysis comprises instances of subordination, namely, conditional constructions – including prototypical cause-consequence patterns as well as other conditionals in which the conditional meaning is weaker – and cases of insubordination introduced by if and si. The theoretical framework is based on the three metafunctions distinguished in Systemic Functional Linguistics, and the data analysed are retrieved from parliamentary discourse and conversations corpora. The examination of conditional constructions and cases of insubordination in parallel offers new light on the characterization of if/si-constructions and their uses and functions in interaction.
Englisch. --- Französisch. --- Konditional. --- Spanisch. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- English language --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Conditionals --- Grammar, Comparative --- Conditional clauses --- Conditional constructions --- Conditional sentences --- Hypothetical clauses --- Protasis --- Mood --- Sentences --- Germanic languages
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Traditional grammar and current theoretical approaches towards modelling grammatical knowledge ignore language in interaction: that is, words such as huh, eh, yup or yessssss. This groundbreaking book addresses this gap by providing the first in-depth overview of approaches towards interactional language across different frameworks and linguistic sub-disciplines. Based on the insights that emerge, a formal framework is developed to discover and compare language in interaction across different languages: the interactional spine hypothesis. Two case-studies are presented: confirmationals (such as eh and huh) and response markers (such as yes and no), both of which show evidence for systematic grammatical knowledge. Assuming that language in interaction is regulated by grammatical knowledge sheds new light on old questions concerning the relation between language and thought and the relation between language and communication. It is essential reading for anyone interested in the relation between language, cognition and social interaction.
Discourse markers. --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Discourse connectives --- Discourse particles --- Pragmatic markers --- Pragmatic particles --- Discourse analysis --- Pragmatics --- Grammar, Comparative --- Social interaction. --- Human interaction --- Interaction, Social --- Symbolic interaction --- Exchange theory (Sociology) --- Psychology --- Social psychology --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Social interaction
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Italian language --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Grammar --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative --- #KVHA:Algemene taalkunde; Italiaans --- #KVHA:Grammatica; Italiaans --- #KVHA:Variatielinguïstiek; Italiaans --- #KVHA:Historische linguistiek; Italiaans --- #KVHA:Morfologie --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Grammar.
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L’enquête linguistique menée dans l’ouvrageo montre que les deux manières de concevoir les événements qui divisent profondément les philosophes contemporains, sont en réalité présentes et pour ainsi dire disponibles dans la pensée inscrite dans les structures d’une langue comme le français. Selon la première conception, qui est aussi la plus répandue, ils sont comme des entités individuelles ordinaires : de deux événements impliquant les mêmes entités, celui-ci est toujours irréductiblement différent de celui- là, ne serait-ce que parce qu’ils n’occupent pas la même portion d’espace-temps. Selon l’autre, ces prétendus individus sont en réalité des instances d’un seul et même événement, qui n’est ni cette instance-ci, ni celle-là. Mais la langue ne choisit pas, et offre la possibilité de passer d’un point de vue à l’autre, en passant simplement d’une structure syntaxique à une autre. Centrée autour des noms d’événements, la démarche commence par situer la notion correspondante dans un réseau où elle voisine avec celles de fait et d’action, entre autres. Elle se termine par une tentative de répondre, toujours par des moyens linguistiques, à la question de savoir si la pensée du temps inscrite dans la langue implique que ce soit le temps qui fonde les événements ou l’inverse. La question, parallèle à celle du rapport entre choses et espace, débouche sur celle de l’expression linguistique de l’existence. L’ouvrage tente donc de remplir sur le sujet des événements la partie linguistique du programme de la philosophie du langage ordinaire, partie que peu de ces philosophes (à l’exception de Vendler) ont pu remplir, faute d’être eux-mêmes linguistes.
Philosophy of language --- Grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Space and time in language. --- Events (Philosophy). --- Act (Philosophy). --- Grammaire comparée et générale --- Espace et temps dans le langage --- Evénement (Philosophie) --- Action (Philosophie) --- Events (Philosophy) --- Grammaire comparée et générale --- Evénement (Philosophie) --- Act (Philosophy) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Philosophy --- Action (Philosophy) --- Agent (Philosophy) --- Grammar, Comparative --- grammaire --- événement
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This pioneering volume lays out a set of methodological principles to guide the description of interpersonal grammar in different languages. It compares interpersonal systems and structures across a range of world languages, showing how discourse, interpersonal relationships between the speakers, and the purpose of their communication, all play a role in shaping the grammatical structures used in interaction. Following an introduction setting out these principles, each chapter focuses on a particular language - Khorchin Mongolian, Mandarin, Tagalog, Pitjantjatjara, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, British Sign Language and Scottish Gaelic - and explores mood, polarity, tagging, vocation, assessment and comment systems. The book provides a model for functional grammatical description that can be used to inform work on system and structure across languages as a foundation for functional language typology.
Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Interpersonal communication. --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Systemic grammar. --- Neo-Firthian linguistics --- Scale-and-category grammar --- System-structure grammar --- Systemic linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) --- Structural linguistics --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Communication --- Interpersonal relations --- Functional analysis (Linguistics) --- Functional grammar --- Functional linguistics --- Functional-structural analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Functional --- Grammatical functions --- Grammar, Comparative --- Interpersonal communication --- Systemic grammar
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La notion de "nom abstrait" a derrière elle une longue tradition - abordée dès la période scholastique, elle accompagne plusieurs tournants de l’histoire de la logique et de la grammaire -, mais aucun travail d’ensemble ne lui avait, à ce jour, été consacré. Le colloque organisé à Dunkerque en septembre 1992, qui a réuni plus d’une cinquantaine de chercheurs français et étrangers, avait donc pour but de faire le point sur un problème d’autant plus important qu’il concerne à la fois la logique, les différents champs de la linguistique et la traductologie. La question du nom abstrait soulève plusieurs difficultés, dont la principale est de déterminer s’il est possible d’associer la notion intuitive d’abstraction à des propriétés logico-syntaxiques et à des caractéristiques morphologiques. Le nom abstrait semble en effet soumis à deux contraintes antagonistes : l’influence sémantique de sa base prédicative et le rôle formel de la catégorie nominale. On trouvera donc dans cet ouvrage un ensemble de réflexions critiques et d’analyses, portant non seulement sur la distinction entre noms concrets et noms abstraits et sur sa validité pour la description linguistique, mais encore sur la pertinence de la notion d’abstraction en général dans l’approche des faits de langue. Sous des angles très divers, toutes les démarches s’accordent à reconnaître l’importance de ce mouvement delà pensée qui, d’une part, permet de séparer les qualités et les procès de leur support - ou si l’on préféré les prédicats de leurs arguments - et qui, de l’autre, conduit à négliger les différences individuelles pour acceder au général.
Grammar --- Abstraction --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Nom (Linguistique) --- Noun --- Semantics --- Congresses --- 804.0-56 --- -Semantics --- -Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Language and languages --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Frans: syntaxis; semantiek --- -Congresses --- Grammar, Comparative --- Congresses. --- -Frans: syntaxis; semantiek --- 804.0-56 Frans: syntaxis; semantiek --- -804.0-56 Frans: syntaxis; semantiek --- Formal semantics --- -Comparative grammar --- Noun&delete& --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- French language --- Semantics - Congresses --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Noun - Congresses --- personnage --- nom --- abstraction
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Cet ouvrage rassemble cinq études dans le domaine de la sémantique temporelle du français. En partant du cadre phrastique, le champ d’investigation s’élargit au niveau textuel pour aboutir au domaine de l’interprétation littéraire. L’article d’Anne-Marie Berthonneau montre que la différence entre depuis et il y a que n’est pas entièrement une question de référence temporelle (phrastique), mais également de cohésion discursive. Cari Vetters étudie les relations temporelles dans la phrase complexe et dans le texte en partant de la distinction classique entre temps absolus et temps relatifs. Georges Kleiber critique la façon dont on met en rapport dans des tra- vaux récents les pronoms et les temps verbaux. L’article d’Arie Molendijk étudie la contribution de la présupposition et de l’implication temporelles à la structuration textuelle. Anna Jaubert propose une ana- lyse guillaumienne du temps dans les textes littéraires. Ce volume témoigne de la fécondité des approches textuelles du temps linguistique, tout en faisant le point sur un certain nombre de difficultés quelle soulève.
Lexicology. Semantics --- French language --- Français (Langue) --- Semantics --- Tense --- Temporal constructions --- Sémantique --- Temps --- Propositions temporelles --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Anaphora (Linguistics) --- Deixis --- Duitse taal --- Franse taal --- Temporal constructions. --- Deixis. --- werkwoorden --- tempus --- syntaxis --- uitdrukking van tijd --- #KVHA:Semantiek; Frans --- 804.0-56 --- -Grammar, Comparative and general --- -Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Langue d'oïl --- Romance languages --- Cross-reference (Linguistics) --- Reference (Linguistics) --- Frans: syntaxis; semantiek --- Grammar, Comparative --- -Frans: syntaxis; semantiek --- 804.0-56 Frans: syntaxis; semantiek --- Anaphora (Linguistics). --- tempus. --- syntaxis. --- uitdrukking van tijd. --- Werkwoorden --- Tempus. --- Syntaxis. --- Uitdrukking van tijd. --- -Cross-reference (Linguistics) --- Comparative grammar --- Français (Langue) --- Sémantique --- Temporal constructions (Grammar) --- Deixis (Linguistics) --- Indexicals (Semantics) --- Syntax --- Deictic function --- French language - Temporal constructions --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Temporal constructions --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Deixis --- temps --- texte --- phrase
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