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A Smart City is the perfect environment to study and exploit the interactions between actors because its architecture already integrates vaious elements to collect data and connect to its citizens. Furthermore, the proliferation of web platforms (e.g., social media and web fora) and the increased affordability of sensors and IoT devices (e.g., smart meters) make data related to a large and diverse set of users accessible, as their activities in the digital world reflect their real-life actions. These new technologies can be of great use for the stakeholders as, on the one hand, they provide them with semantically rich inputs and frequent updates at a relatively cheap cost and, on the other, form a direct channel of communication with the citizens. To fully exploit these new data sources, we need both novel computational methods (e.g., AI, data mining algorithms, knowledge representation) that are suitable for analyzing and understanding the dynamics behind energy consumption and also a deeper understanding of how these methods can be integrated into the existing design and decision processes (e.g., human-in-the-loop processes).Therefore, this Special Issue welcomed original multidisciplinary research works about AI, data science methods, and their integration in existing design/decision-making processes in the domain of energy consumption in Smart Cities.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- building energy flexibility --- HOMER software --- peak clipping --- load shifting --- energy saving --- building performance assessment --- indoor environment quality --- occupants’ satisfaction --- post-occupancy evaluation --- Green Building Index --- tropical climate --- building performance simulation --- CO2 emission --- occupant’s comfort --- window allocation --- climate change --- energy consumption --- building energy load --- thermal load --- future weather --- operative temperature --- cooling load --- daily energy need --- solar gains --- nZEB --- historical buildings --- TRNSYS --- buildings retrofitting --- buildings office --- economic feasibility --- Renewable Energy Systems (RESs) --- Zero Energy District (ZED) --- Digital Twin (DT) --- Building Information Modelling (BIM) --- Geographic Information System (GIS) --- Revit software’s --- asymmetric duty cycle control --- bifilar coil --- pulse duty cycle control --- induction heating --- metal melting --- phase shift control --- pulse density modulation --- series resonant inverter --- variable frequency control --- building operation and maintenance --- extended reality --- virtual reality --- augmented reality --- mixed reality --- immersive technologies --- digital twins --- metaverse --- positive energy district --- district energy infrastructure --- decarbonisation of neighbourhoods --- GIS --- energy transition --- smart city policy --- carbon emission intensity --- digital transformation --- green innovation --- difference-in-differences --- n/a --- occupants' satisfaction --- occupant's comfort --- Revit software's

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Cognitive building is a pioneering topic envisioning the future of our built environment. The concept of "cognitive" provides a paradigm shift that steps from the static concept of the building as a container of human activities towards the modernist vision of "machine à habiter" of Le Corbusier, where the technological content adds the capability of learning from users' behavior and environmental variables to adapt itself to achieve major goals such as user comfort, energy-saving, flexible functionality, high durability, and good maintainability. The concept is based on digital frameworks and IoT networks towards the concept of a smart city.

Research & information: general --- explainable post occupancy --- humanoid robot --- lighting simulation software --- BIM --- openBIM --- IFC --- IoT --- sensors --- cognitive buildings --- asset management --- digital twin --- BEM --- simulation modelling --- dynamic simulation --- Building Information Modelling (BIM) --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- facility management --- cyber-physical systems --- Building Management System --- Digital Twin --- Post-Occupancy Evaluations --- cognitive --- digital twins --- building lifecycle management --- artificial intelligence --- decision support --- self-learning --- optimization --- building performance simulation --- lighting simulation --- lighting quality --- visual comfort --- office field study --- evidence-based design --- building information modeling --- HVAC --- fan coil --- Internet of Things --- predictive maintenance --- fault detection --- smart building --- sustainable building --- construction projects --- BIM implementation --- stakeholders --- barriers --- construction product --- servitization --- level of evidence --- level curves --- ground slopes --- embankments --- road and rail design --- explainable post occupancy --- humanoid robot --- lighting simulation software --- BIM --- openBIM --- IFC --- IoT --- sensors --- cognitive buildings --- asset management --- digital twin --- BEM --- simulation modelling --- dynamic simulation --- Building Information Modelling (BIM) --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- facility management --- cyber-physical systems --- Building Management System --- Digital Twin --- Post-Occupancy Evaluations --- cognitive --- digital twins --- building lifecycle management --- artificial intelligence --- decision support --- self-learning --- optimization --- building performance simulation --- lighting simulation --- lighting quality --- visual comfort --- office field study --- evidence-based design --- building information modeling --- HVAC --- fan coil --- Internet of Things --- predictive maintenance --- fault detection --- smart building --- sustainable building --- construction projects --- BIM implementation --- stakeholders --- barriers --- construction product --- servitization --- level of evidence --- level curves --- ground slopes --- embankments --- road and rail design

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This second volume of the Special Issue includes 13 contributions, from across the world, with very interesting research topics such as: Energy Intensity Reduction; Large-Scale Non-Residential Buildings; Dynamic Control of HVAC with Heat Pumps; Reed Potential as a Regenerative Building Material and Their Performance Characterisation; Experimental Evaluation of Energy-Efficiency in a Holistically Designed Building; A Case Study of Design and Energy Performance Analysis of a Hotel Building in a Hot and Dry Climate; Internal Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficients for a Vertical Wall in a Residential Building; Passive Façade Performance Evaluation with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) during the Architectural Design Process; Thermal Performance Improvement of Double-Pane Lightweight Steel Framed (LSF) Walls Using Thermal Break Strips (TBS) and Reflective Foils; Energy Performance of Buildings with Thermochromic Windows in Mediterranean Climates; Energy Performance and Benchmarking for University Classrooms in Hot and Humid Climates; Effect of HVAC’s Management on Indoor Thermo-Hygrometric Comfort and Energy Balance: In Situ Assessments on a Real nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB); Stochastic-Based Optimisation Approach towards the Integration of Photovoltaic Panels in Multi-Residential Social Housing; Effect of Climate Change and Occupant Behaviour on the Environmental Impact of the Heating/Cooling Systems of a Real Apartment: A Parametric Study through Life Cycle Assessment; Road Thermal Collector for Building Heating in South Europe (Italy): Numerical Modeling and Design of an Experimental Set-Up.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- energy efficiency improvement --- HVAC operation --- dynamic optimization --- sustainability --- reed (Arundo donax) --- material characterisation --- natural materials --- vernacular architecture --- holistic --- energy management system --- sustainable --- building performance --- thermal performance --- indoor comfort --- energy performance --- design parameters --- energy simulation --- building envelope --- convection --- radiation --- heat transfer coefficient --- correlation --- climate-adaptive building shells --- sustainable design --- energy efficiency --- shape-memory alloy --- climate change --- experimental assessment --- double-pane --- lightweight steel frame (LSF) --- partition walls --- aerogel thermal break strips --- aluminium reflective foils --- thermochromic coatings --- solar transmittance --- solar reflectance --- Energy Use Intensity --- higher education buildings --- energy consumption --- benchmarking --- hot and humid climates --- EnergyPlus --- nZEB --- HVAC management --- monitoring campaign --- load matching --- computational fluid dynamics --- social housing --- energy demand --- energy refurbishment --- internal gains --- occupation rate --- life cycle cost --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- ReCiPe indicator --- global warming potential (GWP) indicator --- environmental impact --- heating and cooling systems --- occupant behaviour --- road thermal collector --- borehole thermal storage --- alternative energy system

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The book Smart Cities and Positive Energy Districts: Urban Perspectives in 2020 is the second book published by MDPI on the topic. It highlights the most recent internationally/nationally funded projects on Smart Cities and Positive Energy Districts, providing readers with an overview of the most recent and effective solutions to support the transition of urban areas towards climate neutrality as well as inspiring solutions not only for researchers but for local governments who seek to transform urban areas into sustainable places.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- building dynamics --- occupants’ comfort --- energy efficiency --- information and communication technologies --- COVID-19 scenario --- human interaction --- Positive Energy District --- smart districts --- building performance simulation --- sustainable large-scale renovation model --- Driving Urban Transition --- Renovation Wave --- neighbourhoods --- positive energy districts --- sustainable urban areas --- energy production --- energy flexibility --- economic costs --- indoor environmental quality --- social performance --- Positive Energy Districts --- urban typology --- energy modelling --- energy and climate goals --- sustainable urban development --- energy sufficiency --- deep energy retrofit --- building thermal mass --- positive energy district --- yearly energy balance --- seasonal energy balance --- residential buildings --- district heating --- renewable energy resources --- PED boundary --- multi-criteria decision analyses --- geographic information systems --- GIS overlay analyses --- positive energy district (PED) --- enabling solution for PED transition --- energy efficiency in buildings and real estate --- n/a --- occupants' comfort

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Climate change mitigation and adaptation are key challenges of the 21st century. These challenges include global energy consumption and dependence on fossil fuels, which are addressed in global energy policies. About two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions are linked to the burning of fossil fuels used for heating, electricity, transport, and industry. Therefore, the world is looking for the most reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly energy sources coupled with energy saving, which is a clean and low-cost solution to the growing demand for energy. As a clear example of this, cities are integrating renewable energies into their smart city plans. This book aims to advance the contribution of the use of renewable energies and energy saving in order to achieve a more sustainable world.

BIPV window --- WWR --- overall energy --- tilt angle --- visual comfort --- energy saving --- semi-arid --- wind power generation --- artificial neural networks --- chargeability factor --- reactive power capacity --- wind speed and demand curves --- energy management systems --- multi-objective function --- optimal set-points --- stochastic optimization --- wind farm operation --- expert survey --- renewable energy --- biogas --- biomethane --- biogas plant --- business model --- political support system --- building performance --- value co-creation --- value add --- maintenance management --- hospital buildings --- optimal power flow --- power flow --- optimization algorithms --- DC networks --- electrical energy --- optimization --- willingness to pay --- minigrids --- rural electrification --- Ghana --- hospital building maintenance --- critical success factor --- value-based practices --- importance-performance matrix analysis --- renewable energy sources --- non-conventional renewable energy sources --- RES --- NCRES --- electric power system --- information environment --- n/a