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"Cet ouvrage en deux tomes propose un panorama des techniques d'optimisation continue, discrète et fonctionnelle. Ce premier tome est consacré à l'optimisation continue qui traite des problèmes à variables réelles, sans ou avec contraintes. Après des rappels sur les conditions d'optimalité et leur interprétation géométrique, les thèmes abordés sont : les algorithmes sans gradient qui peuvent s'appliquer à tout type de fonction ; les algorithmes sans contraintes basés sur des méthodes de descente de type Nexton ; les algorithmes avec contraintes : méthodes de pénalisation, primales, duales et primales-duales ; la programmation linéaire avec la méthode du simplexe et les méthodes de point intérieur. L'accent est mis sur la compréhension des principes plutôt que sur la rigueur mathématique. Chaque notion ou algorithme est accompagné d'un exemple détaillé aidant à s'approprier les idées principales. Cet ouvrage issu de 30 années d'expérience s'adresse aux étudiants, chercheurs et ingénieurs désireux d'acquérir une culture générale dans le domaine de l'optimisation."
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Geometria convexa --- Funcions convexes --- Convex geometry. --- Convex functions --- Functions, Convex --- Functions of real variables --- Geometry
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Càlcul --- Functions of real variables. --- Mathematical analysis. --- 517.1 Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Real variables --- Functions of complex variables
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Functions of real variables. --- Mathematical analysis. --- 517.1 Mathematical analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Real variables --- Functions of complex variables --- Càlcul
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Convex geometry. --- Convex functions --- Functions, Convex --- Functions of real variables --- Geometry --- Geometria convexa --- Funcions convexes --- Funcions de variables complexes --- Funcions còncaves --- Convexitat geomètrica --- Geometria --- Conjunts convexos
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L'auteur a fait sienne cette universelle maxime chinoise : « j'entends et j'oublie (cours oral) je vois et je retiens (étude du cours) je fais et je comprends » (exercices)… Ainsi, ce livre est un recueil d'exercices et problèmes corrigés, de difficulté graduée, accompagnés de commentaires sur l'utilisation du résultat obtenu, sur un prolongement possible et, occasionnellement, placés dans un contexte historique. Chaque chapitre débute par des rappels de définitions et résultats du Cours. Le cadre de travail est volontairement simple, l'auteur a voulu insister sur les idées et mécanismes de base davantage que sur des généralisations possibles ou des techniques particulières à telle ou telle situation. Les connaissances mathématiques requises pour tirer profit du recueil ont été maintenues minimales, celles normalement acquises à Bac+3 (ou Bac+2 suivant les cas). L'approche retenue pour avancer est celle d'une progression en spirale plutôt que linéaire au sens strict. Pour ce qui est de l'enseignement, les aspects de l'optimisation et analyse convexe traités dans cet ouvrage trouvent leur place dans les formations de niveau M1, parfois L3, (modules généralistes ou professionnalisés) et dans la formation mathématique des ingénieurs (en 2e année d'école, parfois en 1re année). La connaissance de ces aspects est un préalable à des formations plus en aval, en optimisation numérique par exemple. Détails: après un chapitre de révisions de base (analyse linéaire et bilinéaire, calcul différentiel), l'ouvrage aborde l'optimisation par les conditions d'optimalité (chap. 2 et 3), le rôle incontournable de la dualisation des problèmes (chap. 4) et le monde particulier de l'optimisation linéaire (chap.5). L'analyse convexe est traitée par l'initiation à la manipulation des concepts suivants : projection sur un convexe fermé (chap.6), le calcul sous différentiel et de transformées de Legendre-Fenchel (chap.7).
Convex functions --- Mathematical optimization --- Functions, Convex --- Functions of real variables --- Optimization (Mathematics) --- Optimization techniques --- Optimization theory --- Systems optimization --- Mathematical analysis --- Maxima and minima --- Operations research --- Simulation methods --- System analysis
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Àlgebres associatives --- Funcions convexes --- Funcions de variables complexes --- Funcions còncaves --- Geometria convexa --- Àlgebra --- Grups de Brauer --- Àlgebres de Frobenius --- Teoria de la dimensió (Àlgebra) --- Associative algebras. --- Convex functions --- Algebras, Associative --- Algebra --- Functions, Convex --- Functions of real variables --- Convex functions.
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Structured population models are transport-type equations often applied to describe evolution of heterogeneous populations of biological cells, animals or humans, including phenomena such as crowd dynamics or pedestrian flows. This book introduces the mathematical underpinnings of these applications, providing a comprehensive analytical framework for structured population models in spaces of Radon measures. The unified approach allows for the study of transport processes on structures that are not vector spaces (such as traffic flow on graphs) and enables the analysis of the numerical algorithms used in applications. Presenting a coherent account of over a decade of research in the area, the text includes appendices outlining the necessary background material and discusses current trends in the theory, enabling graduate students to jump quickly into research.
Population --- Functions of bounded variation. --- Lipschitz spaces. --- Metric spaces. --- Radon measures. --- Biology --- Mathematical models. --- Biological models --- Biomathematics --- Measures, Radon --- Measure theory --- Vector-valued measures --- Spaces, Metric --- Generalized spaces --- Set theory --- Topology --- Hölder spaces --- Function spaces --- Bounded variables, Functions of --- Bounded variation, Functions of --- BV functions --- Functions of bounded variables --- Functions of real variables
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In 1922, Harald Bohr and Johannes Mollerup established a remarkable characterization of the Euler gamma function using its log-convexity property. A decade later, Emil Artin investigated this result and used it to derive the basic properties of the gamma function using elementary methods of the calculus. Bohr-Mollerup's theorem was then adopted by Nicolas Bourbaki as the starting point for his exposition of the gamma function. This open access book develops a far-reaching generalization of Bohr-Mollerup's theorem to higher order convex functions, along lines initiated by Wolfgang Krull, Roger Webster, and some others but going considerably further than past work. In particular, this generalization shows using elementary techniques that a very rich spectrum of functions satisfy analogues of several classical properties of the gamma function, including Bohr-Mollerup's theorem itself, Euler's reflection formula, Gauss' multiplication theorem, Stirling's formula, and Weierstrass' canonical factorization. The scope of the theory developed in this work is illustrated through various examples, ranging from the gamma function itself and its variants and generalizations (q-gamma, polygamma, multiple gamma functions) to important special functions such as the Hurwitz zeta function and the generalized Stieltjes constants. This volume is also an opportunity to honor the 100th anniversary of Bohr-Mollerup's theorem and to spark the interest of a large number of researchers in this beautiful theory.
Convex functions. --- Gamma functions. --- Functions, Convex --- Functions of real variables --- Functions, Gamma --- Transcendental functions --- Difference Equation --- Higher Order Convexity --- Bohr-Mollerup's Theorem --- Principal Indefinite Sums --- Gauss' Limit --- Euler Product Form --- Raabe's Formula --- Binet's Function --- Stirling's Formula --- Euler's Infinite Product --- Euler's Reflection Formula --- Weierstrass' Infinite Product --- Gauss Multiplication Formula --- Euler's Constant --- Gamma Function --- Polygamma Functions --- Hurwitz Zeta Function --- Generalized Stieltjes Constants
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This monograph gives the reader an up-to-date account of the fine properties of real-valued functions and measures. The unifying theme of the book is the notion of nonmeasurability, from which one gets a full understanding of the structure of the subsets of the real line and the maps between them. The material covered in this book will be of interest to a wide audience of mathematicians, particularly to those working in the realm of real analysis, general topology, and probability theory. Set theorists interested in the foundations of real analysis will find a detailed discussion about the relationship between certain properties of the real numbers and the ZFC axioms, Martin's axiom, and the continuum hypothesis.
Funcions de variables reals --- Teoria de la mesura --- Anells (Àlgebra) --- Integrals generalitzades --- Integral de Lebesgue --- Teoria ergòdica --- Teoria de la mesura geomètrica --- Àlgebres de mesura --- Variables reals --- Funcions còncaves --- Funcions de diverses variables reals --- Funcions de variables complexes --- Functions of real variables. --- Measure theory. --- Lebesgue measure --- Measurable sets --- Measure of a set --- Algebraic topology --- Integrals, Generalized --- Measure algebras --- Rings (Algebra) --- Real variables --- Functions of complex variables --- Mathematics. --- Math --- Science
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