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Figure majeure du Symbolisme, le poète franco-américain Francis Vielé-Griffin est un des maîtres vers qui se tourna, en 1891, le jeune auteur des Cahiers d’André Walter. Pendant plus de vingt ans, l’amitié, l’estime et l’admiration réciproques, un commun idéal esthétique firent de Gide et de Vielé les compagnons de plusieurs aventures, depuis les Entretiens politiques et littéraires, où Vielé publia Le Traité du Narcisse, jusqu’à La Nouvelle Revue Française où Gide tint à faire sa place au grand poète de La Clarté de vie et de La Lumière de Grèce, – en passant par L’Ermitage, où Vielé consacra publiquement ce rôle de « directeur de nos consciences », de « contemporain capital » dira-t-on plus tard, que Gide allait assumer pendant si longtemps dans les lettres françaises. L’édition intégrale de leur Correspondance est un document important pour l’histoire littéraire de cette époque.

Vielé-Griffin, Francis --- Gide, André --- Authors, French --- Poets, French --- Ecrivains français --- Poètes français --- Correspondence --- Correspondance --- Gide, André, --- Vielé-Griffin, Francis, --- Ecrivains français --- Poètes français --- Gide, André, --- Vielé-Griffin, Francis, --- Griffin, Francis Vielé-, --- Vielé-Griffin, F. --- Vielé, Egbert Ludovicus, --- Correspondence. --- Literature (General) --- littérature française --- littérature --- littérature épistolaire --- lettre --- XXe siècle

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Central to any interpretation of Wittgenstein's later philosophy is an understanding of his philosophical method and the nature of the turn which characterises the evolution from his early to his later work. In the essays in Wittgenstein, Scepticism and Naturalism, Marie McGinn argues that this methodological shift has at its heart a highly distinctive form of naturalism, which has its roots in the works of Goethe. This form of naturalism emphasises achieving a clarified view of complex, natural phenomena in their natural setting, with the aim of describing patterns and connections that are in plain view. Wittgenstein is seen as applying these methods to the task of conceptual clarification, whose aim is to dissolve philosophical problems and paradoxes. The essays cover the following topics: scepticism about the external world; scepticism about other minds; knowledge and belief; meaning and rule-following; psychological states and the distinctive first-person use of psychological concepts; the relation between the early and the later philosophy; and the nature of Wittgenstein's naturalism.

Naturalism. --- Skepticism. --- Scepticism --- Unbelief --- Agnosticism --- Belief and doubt --- Free thought --- Materialism --- Mechanism (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Positivism --- Science --- Wittgenstein, Ludwig, --- Wei-tʻe-ken-ssu-tʻan, --- Wei-tʻe-ken-ssu-tʻan, Lu-te-wei-hsi, --- Wittgenstein, L. --- Vitgenshteĭn, L., --- Wei-ken-ssu-tʻan, --- Pitʻŭgensyutʻain, --- Vitgenshteĭn, Li︠u︡dvig, --- Weitegenshitan, --- Wittgenstein, Ludovicus, --- Vitgenshtaĭn, Ludvig, --- ויטגנשטיין, לודוויג --- 维特根斯坦, --- Wittgenstein, Ludwig Josef Johann,

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Alors qu'il est repoussé à la périphérie de la vie européenne, le christianisme en reste le centre agissant. Nous sommes gouvernés par ce que nous fuyons. Difficile d'imaginer situation plus dommageable. Ayant séparé Dieu du reste de notre vie, nous sommes devenus incapables d'aborder la question la plus haute et la plus urgente que l'animal rationnel puisse se poser. Comment ressaisir l'unité et la vie, le sens et l'urgence de cette question de Dieu? C'est au mitan du XVIIe siècle que la décision a été prise de construire l'État souverain. Et c'est à ce moment que fut repensée par Blaise Pascal ce que j'appelle la proposition chrétienne, entendant par là l'ensemble lié des dogmes ou mystères chrétiens offerts à la considération de notre entendement et au consentement de notre volonté. 'Proposition' n'a pas ici qu'un sens logique ou notionnel, mais pratique et actif: il s'agit d'un acte dont l'auteur est Dieu dans son Église. L'œuvre de Pascal est l'objet d'une très riche tradition critique. J'ai, pour ma part, seulement cherché l'aide et l'appui de cet auteur pour retrouver les termes exacts, et ressaisir la gravité et l'urgence de la question chrétienne - celle de la foi chrétienne, de la possibilité de la foi chrétienne. Y a-t-il quelque détour ou artifice à employer la force de plus fort que soi pour poser la question la plus personnelle? C'est en tout cas cette question qui est l'objet de ce livre.

Christianisme --- Christianity --- Philosophy --- Pascal, Blaise, --- Pascal, Blaise --- Montalte, Louis de, --- Pasukaru, Burēzu, --- Paskalʹ, Blėz, --- Pascal, Biagio, --- Pʻa-ssu-kʻa-erh, Pu-lai-tzu, --- Pa-ssu-ka, Pa-ssu-chia-erh, --- Pa-ssu-chʻieh-erh, Pa-ssu-chʻia, --- Ppasŭkkal, --- Montaltius, Ludovicus, --- פסקל, בלז --- פסקל, ב., --- 1 PASCAL, BLAISE --- 1 PASCAL, BLAISE Filosofie. Psychologie--PASCAL, BLAISE --- Filosofie. Psychologie--PASCAL, BLAISE --- 파스칼

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This book brings together David Cockburn's best work on Wittgensteinian themes relating to 'mind' and 'language'. While none of these papers is well described as 'exegetical', most are discussions of Wittgenstein, and all are discussions of themes central to his later work and strongly influenced by it. The papers can be roughly divided between 'the philosophy of mind' and 'the philosophy of language'. They are, however, united by the idea that this standard classification of topics stands in the way of clear thinking about core issues, and, closely connected with that, united by the idea that the notion of a human being must be central to any philosophical treatment of them. Cockburn's approach is marked by the detailed attention given to the human bodily form, and his approach to language by the central place given to the idea of conversation. The discussions are enriched by incorporating some consideration of our relation to non-human creatures. The papers are linked by an insistence on the inescapably ethical dimension of any adequate discussion of these issues. While the debt to Wittgenstein is enormous, a number of the papers involve what may be significant criticisms of him.

Language and languages --- Philosophy of mind. --- Philosophy. --- Wittgenstein, Ludwig, --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Philosophy --- Cognitive science --- Metaphysics --- Philosophical anthropology --- Wei-tʻe-ken-ssu-tʻan, --- Wei-tʻe-ken-ssu-tʻan, Lu-te-wei-hsi, --- Wittgenstein, L. --- Vitgenshteĭn, L., --- Wei-ken-ssu-tʻan, --- Pitʻŭgensyutʻain, --- Vitgenshteĭn, Li︠u︡dvig, --- Weitegenshitan, --- Wittgenstein, Ludovicus, --- Vitgenshtaĭn, Ludvig, --- ויטגנשטיין, לודוויג --- 维特根斯坦, --- Wittgenstein, Ludwig Josef Johann,

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The distinction between sense and nonsense is central to Wittgenstein's philosophy. It is at the basis of his conception of philosophy as a struggle against illusions of sense generated by misunderstandings of the logic of our language. Moreover, it informs the notions of 'grammar' (in the later work) and 'logical syntax' (in the early work), whose investigation serves to clear up those misunderstandings. This Element contrasts two exegetical approaches: one grounding charges of nonsensicality in a theory of sense specifying criteria that are external to the linguistic performance under indictment; and one rejecting any such theory. The former pursues the idea of a nonsensicality test; the latter holds that illusions of sense can only be overcome from within, through the very capacity of which they constitute defective exercises. This Element connects the two approaches to opposite understandings of Wittgenstein's conception of language, and defends a version of second approach.

Senses and sensation --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Philosophy. --- Wittgenstein, Ludwig, --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Neurophysiology --- Psychophysiology --- Perception --- Sensation --- Sensory biology --- Sensory systems --- Grammar, Comparative --- Wei-tʻe-ken-ssu-tʻan, --- Wei-tʻe-ken-ssu-tʻan, Lu-te-wei-hsi, --- Wittgenstein, L. --- Vitgenshteĭn, L., --- Wei-ken-ssu-tʻan, --- Pitʻŭgensyutʻain, --- Vitgenshteĭn, Li︠u︡dvig, --- Weitegenshitan, --- Wittgenstein, Ludovicus, --- Vitgenshtaĭn, Ludvig, --- ויטגנשטיין, לודוויג --- 维特根斯坦, --- Wittgenstein, Ludwig Josef Johann,