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"Recent academic historiography has seen a profusion of theoretical perspectives on biography, both analytical and descriptive. Yet many biographers still fear 'theory' as antithetical to accessible narration of real lives. This volume presents eighteen essays by more than a dozen scholars and practitioners from Australia, Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Hungary, Iceland, and the United States who seek to banish such fear. Writing with candor, wide experience and familiarity with modern teaching, they examine the riches greeting the biographer willing to think more deeply about biography: its inner workings and rationale in a world still hungry for fact and truth. Contributors are: Nigel Hamilton, Sigurður Gylfi Magnússon, Emma McEwin, Melanie Nolan, Kerstin Maria Pahl, Eric Palmen, Hans Renders, Carl Rollyson, David T. Roth, István M. Szijártó, Jeffrey Tyssens, and David Veltman"--

Methodology.

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Informal business activity is ubiquitous around the world, but it is nearly always uncaptured by administrative data, registries, or commercial sources. For this reason, there are rarely adequate sampling frames available for survey implementers wishing to measure the activity and characteristics of the sector. This paper presents a methodology to generate a representative sample of informal businesses using an adaptive, geographically based method called Adaptive Cluster Sampling. Developed for populations that are clustered and/or rare, this method helps with efficiently sampling Primary Sampling Units - blocks--that are fully enumerated, and from which Secondary Sampling Units - businesses--can be randomly sampled to conduct interviews. The paper shows how this methodology can be applied to surveying informal businesses, often reducing both the average variance of population estimates and fieldwork effort. Practical considerations and guidance for implementation and analysis are also provided.

Methodology. --- Humanities --- Methodology.

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"Nanetti outlines a methodology for deploying artificial intelligence and machine learning to enhance historical research. Historical events are the treasure of human experiences, the heritage that societies have used to remain resilient and express their identities. Nanetti has created and developed an interdisciplinary methodology supported by practice-based research that serves as a pathway between historical and computer sciences to design and build computational structures that analyse how societies create narratives about historical events. This consilience pathway aims to make historical memory machine-understandable. It turns history into a computational discipline through an interdisciplinary blend of philological accuracy, historical scholarship, history-based media projects, and computational tools. Nanetti presents the theory behind this methodology from a humanities perspective and discusses its practical application in user interface and experience. An essential read for historians and scholars working in the digital humanities"--

Research --- Methodology.

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Demography --- Methodology.

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This book focuses on comparison in anthropology, turning an ethnographic lens onto the diversity of comparative practice. It seeks to understand how, why, and with what consequences, diversely situated groups of people - many of whom operate on radically different premises to professional anthropologists - make comparisons, above all between themselves and real or imagined others. What motivates people to compare, what techniques or logics do they employ, and what are the most likely outcomes - both intended and unintended? How do comparative practices reflect, reinforce or refuse uneven relations of power? And finally, what can a rejuvenated comparative anthropology learn from the anthropology of comparison? The volume develops a dialogue between scholars with long-term ethnographic engagement in a variety of contexts around the world and is particularly valuable reading for those interested in anthropological methodology and theory.

Anthropology --- Methodology.