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This study presents the facts, arguments and scenarios around public debt from a global perspective. Especially the largest economies feature record debt and fiscal risks, including from population ageing and financial imbalances. Given low interest rates, there is no imminent problem. But at some point, debt will have to come down. There are four possible scenarios how debt could come down. First, governments could economise and reform. Second, governments could default. Third, governments could erode the real value of debt via inflation and negative real interest rates. However, this scenario cannot continue forever. Policy errors can prompt a loss of confidence, destabilisation and crisis. This fourth scenario last included the largest economies in the 1970s. It would become a major global challenge if it were to happen again in today's interconnected world.

public debt --- loss --- economic recession --- economy --- interest --- Crise économique --- Dette publique --- Pertes économiques --- Conditions économiques --- Intérêts --- intérêt --- ränta --- palūkanos --- procenti --- dobândă --- Zins --- kamata --- úrok --- τόκος --- imgħax --- intress --- obresti --- korko --- odsetki --- juro --- interes --- kamat --- камата --- interés --- rente --- интерес --- ús --- interesse --- norma e interesit --- intressimäär --- úroková sazba --- räntefot --- räntesats --- каматна стапка --- palūkanų norma --- úroková sadzba --- tipo de interés --- procentu likme --- kamatláb --- rentesats --- interest rate --- επιτόκιο --- kamatna stopa --- Zinsfuß --- úroková míra --- rata dobânzii --- taxa de juro --- Zinssatz --- rentevoet --- taux d'intérêt --- tasso d'interesse --- saggio d'interesse --- hospodářství --- économie --- икономика --- talous --- gospodarka --- geilleagar --- economia --- majandus --- hospodárstvo --- ekonomika --- economie --- Wirtschaft --- gazdaság --- økonomi --- οικονομία --- привреда --- gospodarstvo --- економија --- ekonomija --- ekonomi --- economía --- ekonomikos mokslas --- gazdálkodás --- стопанство --- економска рецесија --- rënie ekonomike --- ekonomikas lejupslīde --- recesiune economică --- Rezession --- икономическа рецесия --- ekonomikos nuosmukis --- ekonomska recesija --- economische recessie --- hospodářská recese --- gospodarska recesija --- økonomisk recession --- gazdasági recesszió --- recessione economica --- cúlú eacnamaíoch --- talouden taantuma --- récession économique --- reċessjoni ekonomika --- recession --- οικονομική ύφεση --- привредна рецесија --- recesión económica --- majanduslangus --- recesja gospodarcza --- recessão económica --- hospodárska recesia --- decelerazione della crescita economica --- økonomisk afmatning --- bankovna kriza --- criză economică --- hospodářská deprese --- krizë ekonomike --- ekonominės padėties blogėjimas --- deterioramento dell'economia --- desaceleración de la economía --- zhoršení hospodářství --- deterioração da economia --- détérioration de l'économie --- talouden laskusuhdanne --- crisi economica --- економска криза --- majanduse madalseis --- ekonomisk recession --- forringelse af økonomien --- wirtschaftliche Depression --- lågkonjunktur --- majanduse halvenemine --- gazdasági depresszió --- økonomisk depression --- depresion ekonomik --- hospodářská krize --- lama --- økonomisk krise --- hospodárska kríza --- economische crisis --- verval van de economie --- Verschlechterung der Wirtschaft --- konjunkturální krize --- crise économique --- përkeqësim i ekonomisë --- zastavení hospodářského růstu --- economic crisis --- Konjunkturkrise --- οικονομική καταστροφή --- depresión económica --- ekonominė krizė --- глобална финансиска криза --- deterioration of the economy --- cúlú eacnamaíochta --- hospodársky pokles --- økonomisk tilbagegang --- economische depressie --- ekonomska depresija --- κατάρρευση της οικονομίας --- majanduskriis --- crise económica --- gazdasági válság --- contracción económica --- lavkonjunktur --- ekonomisk kris --- οικονομική κρίση --- depressão económica --- financijska kriza --- dépression économique --- економска депресија --- ekonomický útlum --- depression --- a gazdaság hanyatlása --- depressione economica --- úpadok hospodárstva --- stagnace --- ekonominis nuosmukis --- talouskriisi --- pokles konjunktury --- crisis económica --- ekonomiskā krīze --- Rückgang der Konjunktur --- economic depression --- försämring av ekonomin --- ekonomisk depression --- Wirtschaftskrise --- επιδείνωση της οικονομίας --- ekonomska kriza --- hanyatló gazdaság --- konjunkturnedgång --- ekonomiskās situācijas pasliktināšanās --- загуба --- zaudējums --- underskott --- underskud --- ztráta --- kahjum --- дефицит --- deficyt --- pierdere --- vajaus --- strata --- déficit --- défice --- izguba --- έλλειμμα --- telf --- disavanzo --- tekort --- humbje --- Defizit --- губитак --- deficit --- nuostoliai --- caillteanas --- Fehlbetrag --- губиток --- Verlust --- gubitak --- manjak --- veszteség --- overheidsschuld --- borxhi publik --- javni dug --- fiachas poiblí --- δημόσιο χρέος --- valstybės skola --- offentlig gæld --- dívida pública --- statsskuld --- valsts parāds --- riigivõlg --- veřejný dluh --- javni dolg --- štátny dlh --- dejn pubbliku --- datorie publică --- јавен долг --- öffentliche Schulden --- јавни дуг --- обществен дълг --- deuda pública --- julkinen velka --- államadósság --- dette publique --- dług publiczny --- debito pubblico --- státní dluh --- nacionalinė skola --- државен долг --- емисија на јавниот долг --- šalies skola --- задолжување на државата --- valtion velka --- statsgæld --- valitsemissektori võlg --- öffentliche Schuld --- valdības parāds --- government debt --- амортизација на јавниот долг --- debito fluttuante --- vládní dluh --- nacionalni dug --- národný dlh --- nemzeti adósság --- datorie națională --- national debt --- valtionvelka --- vyriausybės skola --- vládny dlh --- debito redimibile --- indebitamento del settore pubblico --- вкупен обем на јавниот долг --- нето јавен долг --- titoli del debito pubblico --- avaliku sektori võlg --- borxh kombëtar --- državni dug --- datorie guvernamentală --- borxh shtetëror --- бруто јавен долг --- národní dluh --- Debts, Public. --- Fiscal policy. --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Debts, Government --- Government debts --- National debts --- Public debt --- Public debts --- Sovereign debt --- Debt --- Bonds --- Deficit financing --- Government policy

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Crise, fardeau, faillite, poison… La dette est un sujet anxiogène et clivant. Pour certains, elle est à redouter et pourquoi pas à interdire. Pour d'autres, il suffirait au contraire de la monétiser ou de l'annuler complètement. En mettant en perspective le mécanisme de l'endettement, les caractéristiques de la dette et les principaux questionnements qu'elle suscite, ce livre permet une prise de recul pédagogique et éclairante sur cet enjeu majeur de l'économie.

dette publique --- finances publiques --- déficit budgétaire --- libéralisation du marché --- relance économique --- politique monétaire --- banque centrale --- централна банка --- banc ceannais --- keskuspankki --- Zentralbank --- središnja banka --- centrálna banka --- bankë qendrore --- központi bank --- keskpank --- centrinis bankas --- bancă centrală --- banco central --- banca centrale --- κεντρική τράπεζα --- centrální banka --- bank centralny --- central bank --- centrālā banka --- bank ċentrali --- centralna banka --- centralbank --- centrale bank --- nationale bank --- federālā banka --- Banco de España --- banco emisor --- εθνική τράπεζα --- емисиска банка --- banco emissor --- banco federal --- bankë e shtetit --- nacionalna banka --- Forbundsbank --- banca d'emissione --- národná banka --- kansallinen pankki --- банка издавач --- šalies bankas --- föderaalpank --- ομοσπονδιακή τράπεζα --- national bank --- sedelutgivande bank --- federalna banka --- emisná banka --- riksbank --- jegybank --- banque fédérale --- bankë federale --- bancă federală --- bancă națională --- cedulová banka --- federale bank --- emissiebank --- nationalbank --- förbundsbank --- narodna banka --- bankë e emetimit të parasë --- banque nationale --- federal bank --- emisijas banka --- seddeludstedende bank --- národní banka --- emisijos bankas --- banco nacional --- szövetségi bank --- Banco de Portugal --- circulatiebank --- istituto d'emissione --- središnja nacionalna banka --- федерална банка --- nemzeti bank --- εκδοτική τράπεζα --- emisní banka --- национална банка --- banca federale --- Bundesbank --- seddelbank --- banca nazionale --- bank of issue --- federalinis bankas --- emissioonipank --- Notenbank --- banque d'émission --- federálna banka --- avaajapankki --- política monetaria --- νομισματική πολιτική --- politică monetară --- měnová politika --- menová politika --- rahapolitiikka --- pinigų politika --- beartas airgeadaíochta --- Geldpolitik --- política monetária --- monetary policy --- monetārā politika --- monetair beleid --- rahapoliitika --- валутна политика --- penningpolitik --- monetarna politika --- монетарна политика --- polityka walutowa --- monetær politik --- politica monetaria --- politika monetarja --- monetáris politika --- politikë monetare --- currency reform --- monetární politika --- monetaire stabiliteit --- menová situácia --- νομισματική μεταρρύθμιση --- pinigų reforma --- situazione monetaria --- naudas politika --- monetáris helyzet --- měnová situace --- menová reforma --- currency situation --- situação monetária --- situación monetaria --- money policy --- valuuttatilanne --- situatë valutore --- reformă monetară --- penningreform --- νομισματική κατάσταση --- Währungspolitik --- Währungslage --- riforma monetaria --- monetáris reform --- monetarinė politika --- peňažná politika --- reformë valutore --- reforma monetária --- valuutareform --- valuutasituatsioon --- situație monetară --- novčarska politika --- pénzpolitika --- situation monétaire --- pénzreform --- rahareform --- réforme monétaire --- novčana politika --- valūtas reforma --- Geld- und Kreditpolitik --- reforma monetaria --- stabilità monetaria --- монетарна реформа --- Währungsreform --- monetaire situatie --- politika e parasë --- monetaarpoliitika --- monetaire hervorming --- piniginė padėtis --- valuuttauudistus --- měnová reforma --- monetär situation --- подстицање привредног опоравка --- igangsætning af økonomisk opsving --- reflacion --- oživljanje gospodarstva --- reflacja --- reflatsioon --- рефлация --- heractivering van de economie --- athbhoilsciú --- talouden elvytys --- reactivación económica --- reflation --- ekonomikos gyvinimas --- oživení hospodářství --- oživljavanje ekonomije --- Ankurbelung der Wirtschaft --- заживување на стопанството --- a gazdaság élénkítése --- αναθέρμανση της οικονομίας --- reflácia --- relansare economică --- rilancio economico --- reflācija --- reflazzjoni --- relançamento económico --- refliacija --- aktivace hospodářství --- gazdaságélénkítés --- Wiederbelebung der Wirtschaft --- развојни иницијативи --- recupero economico --- oživljavanje gospodarstva --- pagyvėjimas --- стимулација на економскиот раст --- rialzo dell'economia --- stimulace růstu --- заживување на економијата --- rozvojové iniciativy --- relanzamiento de la economía --- marktliberalisatie --- tirgus liberalizācija --- liberalizacja rynku --- liberalizzazzjoni tas-suq --- либерализация на пазара --- a piac liberalizációja --- liberalizim i tregut --- rinkos liberalizavimas --- απελευθέρωση της αγοράς --- Liberalisierung des Marktes --- liberalisering af markedet --- liberalisation of the market --- liberalizace trhu --- liberalización del mercado --- markkinoiden vapauttaminen --- liberalizacija tržišta --- liberalizacija trga --- liberalizácia trhu --- liberalizzazione del mercato --- léirscaoileadh an mhargaidh --- liberalizarea pieței --- либерализација тржишта --- liberalisering av marknaden --- turu liberaliseerimine --- liberalização do mercado --- либерализација на пазарот --- liberalization of the market --- piacliberalizálás --- talousarvion alijäämä --- rozpočtový schodek --- défice orçamental --- defiċit baġitarju --- deficyt budżetowy --- budgetunderskott --- begrotingstekort --- rozpočtový deficit --- déficit presupuestario --- бюджетен дефицит --- biudžeto deficitas --- eelarve puudujääk --- easnamh sa bhuiséad --- буџетски дефицит --- Haushaltsdefizit --- budgetunderskud --- deficit buxhetor --- deficit bugetar --- έλλειμμα του προϋπολογισμού --- budget deficit --- budžeta deficīts --- proračunski deficit --- költségvetési hiány --- disavanzo di bilancio --- proračunski primanjkljaj --- eelarve defitsiit --- deficit di bilancio --- államháztartási hiány --- proračunski manjak --- Haushaltsfehlbetrag --- saldo negativo del bilancio --- държавни финанси --- financat publike --- public finance --- finanțe publice --- finanzi pubbliċi --- javne finance --- öffentliche Finanzen --- overheidsfinanciën --- offentlige finanser --- finanze pubbliche --- finanse publiczne --- δημόσια οικονομικά --- riigirahandus --- valsts finanses --- airgeadas poiblí --- verejné financie --- finanças públicas --- julkistalous --- államháztartás --- valstybės finansai --- јавни финансии --- hacienda pública --- javne financije --- veřejné finance --- offentliga finanser --- јавне финансије --- Staatsfinanzen --- közpénzügyek --- finanzas públicas --- overheidsschuld --- borxhi publik --- javni dug --- fiachas poiblí --- δημόσιο χρέος --- valstybės skola --- offentlig gæld --- dívida pública --- statsskuld --- valsts parāds --- riigivõlg --- veřejný dluh --- javni dolg --- štátny dlh --- dejn pubbliku --- datorie publică --- јавен долг --- öffentliche Schulden --- јавни дуг --- обществен дълг --- deuda pública --- julkinen velka --- államadósság --- public debt --- dług publiczny --- debito pubblico --- státní dluh --- nacionalinė skola --- државен долг --- емисија на јавниот долг --- šalies skola --- задолжување на државата --- valtion velka --- statsgæld --- valitsemissektori võlg --- öffentliche Schuld --- valdības parāds --- government debt --- амортизација на јавниот долг --- debito fluttuante --- vládní dluh --- nacionalni dug --- národný dlh --- nemzeti adósság --- datorie națională --- national debt --- valtionvelka --- vyriausybės skola --- vládny dlh --- debito redimibile --- indebitamento del settore pubblico --- вкупен обем на јавниот долг --- нето јавен долг --- titoli del debito pubblico --- avaliku sektori võlg --- borxh kombëtar --- državni dug --- datorie guvernamentală --- borxh shtetëror --- бруто јавен долг --- národní dluh --- Politique des dépenses publiques. --- Dettes publiques --- déficit budgétaire --- libéralisation du marché --- relance économique --- politique monétaire --- Politique des dépenses publiques