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Nephropathic cystinosis (MIM # 219800) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal cystine transporter cystinosin, encoded by the CTNS gene (17p13.2). This devastating condition initially affects kidneys and subsequently many other organs including eyes, thyroid, pancreas, muscles, and brain. While lysosomal cystine storage is a key feature of the disease and the main target of current therapy, recent groundbreaking research has revealed that cystinosin has diverse functions in cells, being involved in vesicle trafficking, energy homeostasis, and cell death mechanisms. These discoveries deepen our insights into the mechanisms of cystinosis and of lysosomal biology in general. In this Special Issue dedicated to the pioneer of cystinosis research Dr. Jerry Schneider, we highlight the state-of-the-art understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of various disease features, opening new horizons for innovative treatment strategies for cystinosis and potentially other lysosomal storage diseases.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- cystinosis --- cysteamine --- bone --- osteoclast --- genotype --- CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells --- gene therapy --- pre-clinical studies --- investigational new drug application --- clinical trial --- disulfiram --- mice --- zebrafish --- fertility --- azoospermia --- hypogonadism --- histopathology --- mouse model --- lysosomal storage disease --- cell and animal models --- infantile nephropathic cystinosis --- bone-muscle wasting --- fibroblast growth factor 23 --- osteoclasts --- sclerostin --- leptin --- fractures --- nephropathic cystinosis --- hollow fiber membrane --- 3-dimensional models --- autophagy --- macrophages --- inflammasome --- proximal tubular cells --- endocytosis --- apoptosis --- chitotriosidase --- interleukins --- galectin-3 --- novel therapies --- endolysosome --- epithelial cell differentiation --- homeostasis --- lysosomal storage diseases --- mitochondrial distress --- kidney proximal tubule --- programmed cell death --- central nervous system --- cortical atrophy --- arterial spin labelling --- cystine blood level --- lysosomal storage disorder --- history --- treatment strategies for cystinosis --- newborn screening --- clinical course --- CTNS-pathogenic variants --- newborn screening for cystinosis --- kidney progenitors --- cell model --- biomarkers --- cystine --- kidney --- therapeutic monitoring

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Nephropathic cystinosis (MIM # 219800) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal cystine transporter cystinosin, encoded by the CTNS gene (17p13.2). This devastating condition initially affects kidneys and subsequently many other organs including eyes, thyroid, pancreas, muscles, and brain. While lysosomal cystine storage is a key feature of the disease and the main target of current therapy, recent groundbreaking research has revealed that cystinosin has diverse functions in cells, being involved in vesicle trafficking, energy homeostasis, and cell death mechanisms. These discoveries deepen our insights into the mechanisms of cystinosis and of lysosomal biology in general. In this Special Issue dedicated to the pioneer of cystinosis research Dr. Jerry Schneider, we highlight the state-of-the-art understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of various disease features, opening new horizons for innovative treatment strategies for cystinosis and potentially other lysosomal storage diseases.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- cystinosis --- cysteamine --- bone --- osteoclast --- genotype --- CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells --- gene therapy --- pre-clinical studies --- investigational new drug application --- clinical trial --- disulfiram --- mice --- zebrafish --- fertility --- azoospermia --- hypogonadism --- histopathology --- mouse model --- lysosomal storage disease --- cell and animal models --- infantile nephropathic cystinosis --- bone-muscle wasting --- fibroblast growth factor 23 --- osteoclasts --- sclerostin --- leptin --- fractures --- nephropathic cystinosis --- hollow fiber membrane --- 3-dimensional models --- autophagy --- macrophages --- inflammasome --- proximal tubular cells --- endocytosis --- apoptosis --- chitotriosidase --- interleukins --- galectin-3 --- novel therapies --- endolysosome --- epithelial cell differentiation --- homeostasis --- lysosomal storage diseases --- mitochondrial distress --- kidney proximal tubule --- programmed cell death --- central nervous system --- cortical atrophy --- arterial spin labelling --- cystine blood level --- lysosomal storage disorder --- history --- treatment strategies for cystinosis --- newborn screening --- clinical course --- CTNS-pathogenic variants --- newborn screening for cystinosis --- kidney progenitors --- cell model --- biomarkers --- cystine --- kidney --- therapeutic monitoring

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Phospholipases are a ubiquitous group of enzymes that hydrolyze ester bonds within membrane phospholipids. These enzymes serve multiple biological functions that go far beyond a mere membrane remodeling role in cellular homeostasis; they also play key functions in nutrient digestion and the regulated formation of bioactive lipids involved in cell signaling. It is to the latter function, critical to life, that this book is primarily concerned with. All the chapters are written by renowned experts in the area, and provide forefront information on the role phospholipases in a number of physiological and pathophysiological settings.

inhibitor --- metabolic stability --- α-methylation --- oxoesters --- phospholipase A2 --- adrenic acid --- arachidonic acid --- mass spectrometry --- lipid signaling --- inflammation --- monocytes/macrophages --- crotoxin --- snake venom --- lung impairment --- inflammatory response --- lipid mediators --- neuromuscular blocker --- lipidomics --- PAP-2 --- autotaxin --- lysophosphatidate --- G protein-coupled receptor --- PLA2G6 --- fatty liver --- phospholipid remodeling --- diet-induced obesity --- morbidly obesity --- choline and methionine deficiency --- glioblastoma --- sphingolipid --- sphingosine-1-phosphate --- sphingomyelinase --- sphingomyelin --- metastasis --- phosphatidic acid --- diacylglycerol --- lipin --- signaling --- cPLA2α --- psoriasis --- proliferation --- anti-inflammatory --- atherosclerosis --- phospholipases --- macrophages --- T cells --- lipins --- pancreatic islets --- β-cells --- insulin secretion --- glucose tolerance --- insulin resistance --- group VIA phospholipase A2 --- fatty acid --- knockout mouse --- lipid mediator --- lysophospholipid --- membrane --- phospholipid --- ceramide --- acidic sphingomyelinase --- neutral sphingomyelinase --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis --- preadipocytes --- prostaglandins --- adipokines --- cytokines --- EP receptors --- Group V phospholipase A2 --- lipids --- majeed syndrome --- LPIN2 --- LIPIN2 --- chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis --- chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis --- autoinflammatory --- inflammasome --- macrophage --- osteoclast --- n/a

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Breast cancer is acknowledged as an international priority in healthcare. It is currently the most common cancer in women worldwide, with demographic trends indicating a continuous increase in incidence. Over the years, increasing efforts and resources have been devoted to the search for a systematic and optimized strategy in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Today, the Breast Unit model is considered the gold standard in order to ensure optimal patient-centered and research-based clinical services through multidisciplinary and integrated management.Surgical treatment has gradually evolved toward less aggressive approaches with the adoption of new therapeutic strategies. The evolution of evidence-based guidelines in such leading disciplines as radiation and medical oncology has led to a steady improvement in survival rates. This Special Issue will highlight innovations in the integrated management of breast cancer, their potential advantages, and the many open issues that still need to be properly defined and addressed.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- metastatic breast cancer --- breast surgery --- immune system --- metabolic derangements --- precision medicine --- integrated therapies --- advanced breast cancer --- mTOR inhibitor --- CDK4/6 inhibitor --- endocrine resistance --- breast cancer --- pregnancy --- chemotherapy --- tailoring --- personalization --- DataMart --- real world data --- predictive model --- healthcare --- breast-conserving surgery --- non-palpable breast lesions --- image-guided localization --- preoperative breast localization --- breast ultrasound --- large database --- standardized data collection --- networks --- nipple-sparing mastectomy --- immediate breast reconstruction --- acellular dermal matrix (ADM) --- aesthetic and oncological outcomes --- quality of life --- rare breast cancer --- osteoclast-like giant cells --- gene profiling --- Oncotype Dx --- adjuvant treatment --- neoadjuvant chemotherapy --- sentinel lymph node --- systemic treatment --- locally advanced breast cancer --- mini-invasive treatment --- liver metastases --- hepatic surgery --- personalized medicine --- sarcopenia --- physical performance --- frailty --- older cancer patients --- clinical trial --- patient enrollment --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- lung cancer --- oncology --- web app --- conventional CT and CT angiography --- DIEP flap planning --- multidisciplinary treatment --- evidence-based medicine --- personalized treatment --- oncological outcomes --- patient quality of life --- normal breast --- breast pathology --- hormone receptor --- hormone expression --- lymphedema --- lymphaticovenous anastomosis --- vascularized lymph node transfer --- lymphatic microsurgery --- radiotherapy --- oligometastatic breast cancer --- locoregional therapy --- CDK4/6 inhibitors --- multidisciplinary --- AMH --- ovarian reserve --- pregnancy desire --- subtypes breast cancer --- miRNAs --- breast cancer treatment --- next-generation-sequencing --- target therapy --- old age --- survival --- vitamin D --- ductal breast cancer --- in situ breast cancer --- lobular breast cancer --- histology --- n/a

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The Book covers this whole field, from the discovery of structurally new and bioactive natural products (including biomacromolecules), from marine macro-/micro-organisms, to the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, metabolisms, and mechanisms of marine-derived lead compounds, both in vitro and in vivo, along with the synthesis and/or structural optimization of marine-derived lead compounds and their structure–activity relationships. Taken together, this Special Issue reprint not only provides inspiration for the discovery of marine-derived novel bioactive compounds, but also sheds light on the further research and development of marine candidate drugs.

Medicine --- Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) --- peptide --- antioxidant activity --- stability --- oyster --- plasma --- peptidome --- antimicrobial peptides --- cytotoxicity --- actinomycete --- piericidins --- absolute configuration --- Pestalotiopsis heterocornis --- heterocornols --- anti-inflammatory activity --- sponge-derived fungus --- sclerotides --- lipodepsipeptide --- Aspergillus sclerotiorum --- nasopharyngeal carcinoma --- AChE inhibitory --- vascular endothelial cell --- flavonoid --- oxidized low-density lipoprotein --- Nrf2 --- apoptosis --- butyrolactone I --- food allergy --- metabolism --- pharmacokinetics --- actinomycin X2 --- microbial pigments --- dyeing --- silk --- antibacterial properties --- PD-L1 --- virtual screening --- pharmacophore modeling --- ADME --- molecular dynamics --- xanthones --- ascidian-derived fungus --- Diaporthe sp. --- anti-glioma activity --- antiaging --- Sonneratia apetala --- signaling pathway --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- mutants --- coral-derived fungi --- Aspergillus hiratsukae --- meroterpenoids --- antibacterial activity --- cytotoxic activity --- deep-sea-derived fungus --- Aspergillus puniceus --- isoquinoline alkaloid --- protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor --- antibacterial --- Aspergillus sp. --- geodin --- semisynthesize --- insecticidal activity --- Arca inflata --- antitumor peptide --- MAPK signaling --- calmodulin --- colorectal cancer --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus --- actinomycin D --- Streptomyces parvulus --- mechanism --- mangrove endophytic Pestalotiopsis --- Sdy-1 --- antitumor activity --- Wnt signaling --- β-catenin --- eremophilane sesquiterpenoids --- mangrove-derived fungus --- Penicillium sp. --- Oceanapia --- sponge --- secondary metabolites --- biological activities --- drug design --- anticancer --- cyclic pentapeptide --- galaxamide analogues --- skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) muscle --- angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) peptide --- molecular docking --- nitric oxide (NO) --- endothelin-1 (ET-1) --- Trichoderma longibrachiatum --- sesquiterpene glycoside --- antimicrobial activity --- marine fungi --- Aspergillus unguis --- depsides --- depsidones --- osteoclast differentiation --- soft-coral-derived fungus --- pyranodipyran derivatives --- tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitory activities --- fluorescent properties --- butenolides --- enantiomers --- Aspergillus terreus --- pancreatic lipase --- NAFLD --- fucoxanthin --- adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) --- nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2-mediated (Nrf2) --- Toll-like receptor 4-mediated (TLR4) --- Aspergillus flavipes HN4-13 --- emodin --- macroporous resin XAD-16 --- adsorption kinetics and isotherms --- enrichment --- tetramic acid derivatives --- deep-sea fungus --- clavipitacae --- Lecanicillium fusisporum --- chronic kidney disease --- fucoidan --- cognitive dysfunction --- neuroinflammation --- oxidative stress --- GSK3β-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling --- microglial polarization --- deep-sea actinomycetes --- aromatic acids --- oximes --- antihyperlipidemic --- phycocyanin --- microbiota --- transcriptome --- IL-17 pathway --- Hahella --- prodiginine --- chejuenlide --- genome mining --- LC-MS/MS --- CDK4/6 --- marine compounds --- pharmacophore construction --- ADMET --- mm-pbsa