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This set of varied and stimulating papers, by an international group of younger as well as senior scholars, examines the manner in which peoplehood was understood by the Jewish communities of the Second Temple period and by the religious traditions that emerged from those communities and later flourished in Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism. The Hebrew and Greek terms for "people" and "nation" and the name "Israel" are closely analyzed, especially in forays into wisdom literature, Jewish apologetic and the Dead Sea Scrolls, and their uses are related to geographical, political and theological developments, as well as statehood, authority and rulership in the Persian world, Hasmonean times and Ptolemaic Egypt. Especially interesting are the carefully argued and documented suggestions about how Jewish peoplehood expressed itself with regard to charitable behavior, pagan deities, and marital regulations. Those interested in the history of cultural and theological tensions will be intrigued by the studies centered on how the opponents of Jews behaved towards "the people of God", how Hellenistic Jewish culture located the Jews on the Roman rather than on the Greek side, and how early Christian discourse saw the mission among the peoples and interpreted earlier sources accordingly. The idea of the Jewish "way of life" is seen to have influenced the writer of the longer Greek version of Esther and works of fiction are shown to have had important historical data within them. Modern social theory also has its say here in a careful consideration of Cognitive theory of ethnicity and the dynamic of ethnic boundary-making.

Jewish literature. --- Diaspora. --- Ethnicity. --- Hellenism. --- Jewish Literature.

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The story of Roman Hellenism--defined as the imitation or adoption of something Greek by those subject to or operating under Roman power--begins not with Roman incursions into the Greek mainland, but in Italy, where our most plentiful and spectacular surviving evidence is concentrated. Think of the architecture of the Roman capital, the Campanian towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum buried by Vesuvius, and the Hellenic culture of the Etruscans. Perhaps "everybody knows" that Rome adapted Greek culture in a steadily more "sophisticated" way as its prosperity and might increased. This volume, however, argues that the assumption of smooth continuity, let alone steady "improvement," in any aspect of Roman Hellenism can blind us to important aspects of what Roman Hellenism really is and how it functions in a given context.

Hellenism. --- To 1500 --- Rome --- Civilization --- Greek influences.

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Die Studie setzt sich mit besiegelten Urkundenverschlüssen aus hellenistischen Archivkontexten auseinander. Meist sind die Urkundenverschlüsse nur dann erhalten geblieben, wenn das zugehörige Archiv abgebrannt ist. Durch das Feuer wurden die Urkunden zerstört und die tönernen Siegelabdrücke haltbar gemacht. Auf diese Weise sind schätzungsweise 80.000 Siegelabdrücke auf Urkundenverschlüssen aus hellenistischer Zeit überliefert worden. Die verwendeten Siegel zeigen eine enorme ikonographische Bandbreite. Die Forschung steht nun vor dem Problem, dass diese Funde durch den Verlust der Dokumente dekontextualisiert sind und nur in Ausnahmefällen Aussagen zur Funktion der Siegel und den Inhalten der besiegelten Dokumente möglich sind. Um dennoch das Potenzial dieser bedeutenden Funde nutzbar zu machen, ist es unabdingbar, sich dem Material mit Hilfe quantitativer Methoden zu nähern.

Seals (Numismatics) --- Hellenism. --- Mediterranean Region --- Middle East --- Grèce --- Antiquities. --- Civilisation