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This textbook shows how to develop the functional requirements of (information) systems. It emphasizes the importance to consider the complete development path of a functional requirement, i.e. not only the individual development steps but also their proper combination and their alignment. The book consists of two parts: Part I presents the underlying theory while Part II contains various illustrative case studies. Part I starts with an introduction to the topic (Chapter 1). Then it explains how to develop functional requirements that represent the conceptual dynamics of an information system (Chapters 2 and 3). Chapters 4 and 5 explain how to model the conceptual statics of an information system. Chapter 6 gives some directions for implementation. Finally, Chapter 7 explains how a ‘technical manager’ can organize and manage the development process. As an illustration of the theory, Part II contains three substantial case studies. The first one (Chapter 8) presents a stepwise development starting from an informal situation sketch via a simple domain model towards a precisely specified, full-fledged conceptual data model, which finally is translated to an SQL database. In the second case study (Chapter 9) the author converts the well-known non-trivial use case Process Sale from Larman into a textual System Sequence Description (SSD). For validation purposes, that textual SSD is subsequently translated into natural language and into a graphical SSD. The third case study (Chapter 10) shows the applicability of the author’s approach to a control system and also illustrates the typical situation that the requirements are constantly changing during development. This book is written for (under)graduate students in software engineering or information systems who want to learn how to carry out adequate problem analysis, to make good system specifications, and/or to understand how to organize and manage an IS-development process. It also targets practitioners who want to improve their problem analysis abilities and/or their ability to make good system specifications. To this end, it includes more than 150 explanatory figures and is accompanied by a Web site which provides additional course material such as slides, additional exercises, solutions to exercises, and the code for the figures used in the book. .

Application software. --- Software engineering. --- Business information services. --- Computer and Information Systems Applications. --- Software Engineering. --- Business Information Systems. --- Business --- Business enterprises --- Information services --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Requirements engineering. --- Requirements analysis --- Requirements capture --- Requirements gathering --- Requirements specification --- Specifications

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This book analyses several aspects of Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM), a form of hybrid public-private partnership (PPP) for development of roads sector in India. The book covers contractual, financing, taxation and accounting aspects of the HAM based PPP projects in India and provides a complete multi-dimensional view for readers. It is a comprehensive guide for multiple stakeholders involved in the development of infrastructure projects in developing economies across globe. The book is authored by professionals having hands-on advisory experience for HAM PPP projects in India. Given that these are long-term concession agreements (around 15 years), there are inherent complications and the authors have tried to provide clarity on practical issues. The book adopts a novel case-study approach. Based on detailed financial and commercial assumptions for a road project in India, the authors have used around 100 numerical illustrations to provide a quantitative and qualitative understanding for readers. Another highlight of the book is use of international case-studies to provide key learnings in areas of project preparation and structuring for such hybrid PPP models. The risk allocation framework is also contrasted with the HAM PPP model to highlight the key differences. The international case studies have been selected from transport and water sector to illustrate the applicability of hybrid PPPs across multiple sectors to support sustainable infrastructure development. The target audience for this book include private sector developers, government agencies, deal practitioners, advisors, researchers and academia . This book will also serve as a useful guide for commercial lenders, development finance institutions (DFIs) and institutional investors who are looking to finance such infrastructure projects in the long term.

Finance, Public. --- Public administration. --- Economic policy. --- Microeconomics. --- Accounting. --- Public Finance. --- Public Administration. --- Economic Policy. --- Market Structure and Economic Design. --- Public Economics. --- Accountancy --- Business enterprises --- Commerce --- Commercial accounting --- Finance --- Financial accounting --- Business --- Bookkeeping --- Price theory --- Economics --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Administration, Public --- Delivery of government services --- Government services, Delivery of --- Public management --- Public sector management --- Political science --- Administrative law --- Decentralization in government --- Local government --- Public officers --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Public finances --- Currency question --- Accounting --- Road construction contracts. --- Public-private sector cooperation --- Private-public partnerships --- Private-public sector cooperation --- Public-private partnerships --- Public-private sector collaboration --- Cooperation --- Roads --- Construction contracts --- Contracts and specifications --- Design and construction