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In healthy humans, effector immune cells are activated by the presence of pathogens. Various signaling pathways coordinate the growth and proliferation of the immune cells to fight the invading pathogen and keep the host healthy. A portion of white blood cells known as regulatory T cells (Treg) help to control the rapid proliferation of effector immune cells including effector T cells as well as antigen-presenting cells to make sure the inflammation is kept in check. When Treg cells are depleted or undergo loss of suppressive functionality, hyperinflammatory disease results. However, Treg depletion can also provoke and enhance tumor immunity. Therefore, targeting Treg cells is a promising approach for both autoimmune disease and cancer immunotherapy. To attenuate or enhance Treg-mediated immune suppression, it is necessary to find a specific molecular marker that can selectively and reliably differentiate between Treg and effector T cells. Further elucidation of the cellular and molecular processes underlying the development and function of regulatory immune cells will help to establish new strategies for the treatment and prevention of immune-mediated disease.

Immunology. --- T cells --- Differentiation.

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"In this study, Jürg Hutzli analyses all texts in the books of Genesis and Exodus, which Hebrew Bible scholars consider to belong to the so-called »Priestly Scriptures« (P), an ensemble of theologically and stylistically related texts. The author examines important questions concerning P, namely literary affiliation, literary profile, historical background as well as relationship to the non-Priestly texts."

P document (Biblical criticism) --- Bible --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- Redaktion --- Textkritik --- Bible. --- Inner differentiation of the priestly scriptural texts

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Fractional Order Systems and Applications in Engineering presents the use of fractional calculus (calculus of non-integer order) in the description and modelling of systems and in a range of control design and practical applications. The book covers the fundamentals of fractional calculus together with some analytical and numerical techniques, and provides MATLAB® codes for the simulation of fractional-order control (FOC) systems. The use of fractional calculus can improve and generalize well-established control methods and strategies. Many different FOC schemes are presented for control and dynamic systems problems. These extend to the challenging control engineering design problems of robust and nonlinear control. Practical material relating to a wide variety of applications including, among others, mechatronics, civil engineering, irrigation and water management, and biological systems is also provided. All the control schemes and applications are presented with either system simulation results or real experimental results, or both. Fractional Order Systems and Applications in Engineering introduces readers to the essentials of FOC and imbues them with a basic understanding of FOC concepts and methods. With this knowledge readers can extend their use of FOC in other industrial system applications, thereby expanding their range of disciplines by exploiting this versatile new set of control techniques.

Engineering mathematics.. --- Fractional calculus. --- Derivatives and integrals, Fractional --- Differentiation of arbitrary order, Integration and --- Differintegration, Generalized --- Fractional derivatives and integrals --- Generalized calculus --- Generalized differintegration --- Integrals, Fractional derivatives and --- Integration and differentiation of arbitrary order --- Calculus --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Mathematics --- Engineering mathematics.

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Much research has focused on the basic cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells. Much of this research has been fueled by their potential for use in regenerative medicine applications, which has in turn spurred growing numbers of translational and clinical studies. However, more work is needed if the potential is to be realized for improvement of the lives and well-being of patients with numerous diseases and conditions. This book series 'Cell Biology and Translational Medicine (CBTMED)' as part of Springer Nature’s longstanding and very successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series, has the goal to accelerate advances by timely information exchange. Emerging areas of regenerative medicine and translational aspects of stem cells are covered in each volume. Outstanding researchers are recruited to highlight developments and remaining challenges in both the basic research and clinical arenas. This current book is the 18th volume of a continuing series.

Cytology. --- Stem cells. --- Regenerative medicine. --- Molecular biology. --- Epigenetics. --- Cell Biology. --- Stem Cell Biology. --- Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. --- Molecular Biology. --- Genetics --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Medicine --- Regeneration (Biology) --- Colony-forming units (Cells) --- Mother cells --- Progenitor cells --- Cells --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Tissue engineering. --- Tissues --- Differentiation. --- Histology --- Organs (Anatomy) --- Biomedical engineering --- Regenerative medicine --- Tissue culture

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This book addresses the topics of autobiography, self-representation and status as a writer in Mahatma Gandhi's autobiographical work The Story of My Experiments with Truth (1927, 1929). Gandhi remains an elusive figure, despite the volumes of literature written on him in the seven decades since his assassination. Scholars and biographers alike agree that “no work on his life has portrayed him in totality” (Desai, 2009), and, although “arguably the most popular figure of the first half of the twentieth century” and “one of the most eminent luminaries of our time,” Gandhi the individual remains “as much an enigma as a person of endless fascination” (Murrell, 2008). Yet there has been relatively little scholarly engagement with Gandhi’s autobiography, and published output has largely been concerned with mining the text for its biographical details, with little concern for how Gandhi represents himself. The author addresses this gap in the literature, while also considering Gandhi as a writer. This book provides a close reading of the linguistic structure of the text with particular focus upon Gandhi’s self-representation, drawing on a cognitive stylistic framework for analysing linguistic representations of selfhood (Emmott 2002). It will be of interest to stylisticians, cognitive linguists, discourse analysts, and scholars in related fields such as Indian literature and postcolonial studies. Clara Neary is Lecturer in Stylistics in the School of Arts, English and Languages at Queen’s University Belfast, UK. She has published on a variety of genres, drawing upon a range of cognitive stylistic frameworks. These include publications on constructions of narrative empathy and on the use of Conceptual Metaphor in the English translation of Gandhi’s autobiography; the interrelationship between style, point of view and modality; a Cognitive Grammar approach to the poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins; and multimodal applications of the frameworks of Cognitive Grammar and Musical Grammar to lyrics and music by Radiohead.

Psycholinguistics. --- Language and languages—Style. --- Rhetoric. --- Asia—History. --- Personality. --- Difference (Psychology). --- Psycholinguistics and Cognitive Lingusitics. --- Stylistics. --- Rhetorics. --- History of South Asia. --- Personality and Differential Psychology. --- Differential psychology --- Psychology, Differential --- Differentiation (Developmental psychology) --- Psychology --- Personal identity --- Personality psychology --- Personality theory --- Personality traits --- Personology --- Traits, Personality --- Individuality --- Persons --- Self --- Temperament --- Language and languages --- Speaking --- Authorship --- Expression --- Literary style --- Language, Psychology of --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Linguistics --- Thought and thinking --- Rhetoric --- Psychological aspects