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Based on a systematic and empirical comparative study of six European Union countries, Christel Querton explores judicial decision-making in the context of persons fleeing armed conflicts in the EU. Addressing and redressing misconceptions about the relevance of the Refugee Convention, this book demonstrates how appellate authorities across the EU approach situations of armed conflict predominantly through outdated understandings of warfare and territoriality. Thus, they apply a higher standard of proof than is warranted by international refugee law. Adopting a gender perspective, Querton also shows how appellate authorities fail to acknowledge the gender-differentiated impact of armed conflicts. Drawing from gender and security studies, this book proposes an original conceptual framework which, supported by existing international legal standards, reframes the definition of 'refugee' and better reflects the reality of violence in modern-day conflicts. In doing so, it re-asserts the Refugee Convention as the cornerstone of international protection.

Refugees --- Legal status, laws, etc.

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"This book shows how the legal systems of individual European countries protect patient autonomy. In particular, it explains the role of criminal law, that is, what criminal law protection of patient autonomy looks like on a European scale in both legal and social dimensions. Despite EU integration processes, the work illustrates that the legal orders of individual European countries are far from uniform in this area. The concept of patient autonomy here is generally in the context of the patient's freedom from unwanted medical activities: the so-called negative freedom. At the same time, in countries where there are no regulations clearly criminalising the performance of a therapeutic activity without the patient's consent, the so-called positive freedom is also discussed. The book will be a valuable reference work for academics, researchers and policy-makers working in Health Law, Medical Ethics, Applied Ethics and Criminal Law"--

Patients --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Criminal provisions.

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The presence of migrant workers has become a central feature of labour markets in highly developed countries. The International Labour Organisation estimates that in 2013 there were 112 million resident migrant workers in the 58 highest-income countries, who made up 16% of the workforce. Non-resident workers have also increasingly become part of the labour available for employment in other states, often on a temporary basis. This work takes a thematic and comparative approach to examine the profound implications of contemporary labour migration for employment law regimes in highly developed countries. In so doing, it aims to promote greater recognition of labour migration-related questions, and of the interests of migrant workers, within employment law scholarship. The work comprises original analyses by leading scholars of migration and employment law at the European Union level, and in Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. The specific position of migrant workers is addressed, for example as regards equality of treatment, or the position in employment law of migrant workers without a right to work. The work also explores the effects of migration levels and patterns upon general employment law - including the law relating to collective bargaining, and remedies against exploitation.

Foreign workers --- Legal status, laws, etc.

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"This book examines the implications of labour migration for employment law regimes in highly-developed countries. It adopts a comparative approach, with some chapters providing thematic overviews of the challenges posed by migration for employment law, and others addressing the main effects of migration upon employment law in particular countries. The context of the book is the increased importance of actual and potential migration to the labour markets of highly-developed countries. Resident migrants' share of the labour force has increased markedly since the early 1990s, with the International Labour Organisation estimating that in 2013, there were 112 million migrant workers in the 58 highest-income countries, who made up 16% of the workforce. In addition, non-resident workers have increasingly become part of the labour available for employment in other states, often on a temporary basis as posted or agency workers. This evolving labour market context has led to a series of challenges for, and effects upon, employment law"--

Foreign workers --- Legal status, laws, etc.

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Essentially a Mother argues that the law of pregnancy and motherhood has been overrun by sexist ideology. Courts have held that a pregnant woman's nine months of gestation hardly count in her claim to parent the child she bears and that a man's brief moment of ejaculation matters more than a woman's labor. Armed with such dubious arguments, courts have stripped women of the right to abortion, treated surrogate mothers as mere vessels, and handed biological fathers--even those who became fathers through rape--automatic rights over women and their children. In this incisive and groundbreaking book, Jennifer Hendricks argues that feminists must overthrow the skewed value system that subordinates women, devalues caregiving, and denies too many the right to parent.

Mothers --- Parent and child (Law) --- Pregnant women --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Legal status, laws, etc.