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Ever since side effects from bilateral hippocampectomy were identified in Henry Molaison (patient "HM") during the 1950s, a critical role of the hippocampus has been recognized in the formation of declarative episodic memories. Other cognitive functions have since been proposed, such as a role in navigation, but memory has often been suggested to explain hippocampal involvement. Proving a distinct functional role in cognition is difficult, as memory can be implicated in most cognitive activities. Even when a behavior relies on memory, however, the functionality of the hippocampus extends far beyond, especially evident during activities requiring interactions between cognitive systems. Relational memory is supported by hippocampal connections with widespread regions of the cortex; these interconnections also play a fundamental role in children's writing abilities and expertise in musical performance. Besides enhancing individual lives, such activities can play a vital role in sustaining cultural values across generations. Interactions with the environment that do not directly depend on mnemonic activity can affect plasticity in hippocampal connections, modified through natural chemicals, pharmacological drugs, and non-pharmacological behaviors. Navigational properties of the hippocampal system are not limited to memory, containing the same navigational elements as our Global Positional System (GPS). Even cognitive deficits arising from hippocampal lesions in "HM" were not limited to memory, as they included deficits in understanding cognitive relationships available in visual scenes, novel sentence contexts, and humorous situations. This book shows an expansive role of the hippocampus in cognition that goes beyond its recognized role in generating new episodic memories.

Neurosciences.

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This book follows up on the previous volume focusing on the different biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. It includes original research works and review articles focusing on an improved understanding of disease mechanisms. It also aims to identify aspects of early therapeutic intervention for enhanced disease management. Some critical approaches include studies involving human tissue samples, mouse disease models, and different imaging techniques. These studies present the essential information necessary to address such pathological conditions in the future.

Neurosciences.

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This book follows up on the previous volume focusing on the different biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. It includes original research works and review articles focusing on an improved understanding of disease mechanisms. It also aims to identify aspects of early therapeutic intervention for enhanced disease management. Some critical approaches include studies involving human tissue samples, mouse disease models, and different imaging techniques. These studies present the essential information necessary to address such pathological conditions in the future.

Neurosciences.

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This volume discusses the latest imaging and molecular techniques for studying microcephaly through neural progenitor proliferation, survival, and gene expression. All of the methods covered in this book use the mouse as a model system, and include cellular, metabolic, transcriptomic studies of neural progenitors, MR imaging studies of brain growth in 3-dimensions and developmentally-adapted studies of behavior in neonatal mice. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Microcephaly: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for all researchers who want to expand their knowledge and understanding of this important and developing field.

Neurosciences. --- Neuroscience.

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This reprint focuses on fundamental and applied research on asymmetry of movement and postural balance and underlying functions in humans. Experimental protocols based on kinetic, kinematic, radiological, functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial Doppler ultrasound data taken from healthy, young, elderly and pathological individuals provide new insights into asymmetry in human movement and posture and are presented in the Special Issue.

Neurosciences. --- Neuropsychiatry.