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Propaganda

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The conflict between Ukraine and Russia is changing Europe, which is facing a crisis destined to reshape the internal and external relations of the continent, shifting international balances. In this contribution, we show preliminary results on the monitoring of Russian propaganda. In fact, we analysed the content of online newspapers (Strategic Culture Foundation, Global research, News Front, South Front, Katehon, Geopolitics) used as propaganda tools of the Russian government. The newspapers create and amplify the narrative of the conflict, transmitting information filtered by the Kremlin to advance Putin's propaganda about the war. The objective of the work, therefore, is to understand what were the main themes that the Russian media used to motivate the conflict in Ukraine. Specifically, the proposed analysis runs from March 2021, when the Russian military began moving weapons and equipment into Crimea, to the end of March 2022, the day of the first negotiations in Istanbul. In this regard, we used topic modeling techniques to analyse textual content that uncovers the latent thematic structure in document collections to identify emerging topics.

Propaganda, Russian. --- Propaganda, Russian --- Political aspects.

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The Birth of Psychological War explores the history, politics, and geography of United States psychological warfare in the 20th century against the backdrop of the contemporary 'post-truth era'. From its origins in the Second World War, to the United States' counterinsurgency campaigns in Vietnam, Whyte traces how the theory and practice of psychological warfare transformed the relationship between the home front and theatres of war. Whyte interrogates the broader political mythologies that animate popular conceptions of psychological war, such as its claim to make war more humane and less violent.On the contrary, The Birth of Psychological War demonstrates the role of psychological warfare in expanding the scope and scale of military violence amidst ostensible efforts to 'win hearts and minds'. While casting a critical eye on psychological warfare, Whyte establishes its continued significance for the contemporary student of international relations.

Propaganda --- History --- Psychological warfare

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A dictator's power is secure, the authors begin in this muscular, impressive study, only as long as citizens believe in it. When citizens suddenly believe otherwise, a dictator's power is anything but, as the Soviet Union's collapse revealed. This conviction - that power rests ultimately on citizens' beliefs - compels the world's autocrats to invest in sophisticated propaganda. This study draws on the first global data set of autocratic propaganda, encompassing nearly eight million newspaper articles from fifty-nine countries in six languages. The authors document dramatic variation in propaganda across autocracies: in coverage of the regime and its opponents, in narratives about domestic and international life, in the threats of violence issued to citizens, and in the domestic events that shape it. The book explains why Russian President Vladimir uses Donald Trump as a propaganda tool and why Chinese state propaganda is more effusive than any point since the Cultural Revolution.

Propaganda --- Dictatorship. --- Press and propaganda --- Press and politics

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La résistance en Europe de l'Ouest a longtemps été considérée comme un phénomène national. Et elle a, de longues années durant, été analysée comme telle, les historiens privilégiant, pour l'étudier, le cadre de leur pays. Pourtant, si les facteurs internes jouèrent un rôle central dans sa naissance, la part des Anglo-Américains dans sa croissance fut éminente : en Norvège comme au Danemark, aux Pays-Bas comme en Belgique, en France et en Italie, l'armée des ombres n'aurait pu croître sans le soutien de Londres d'abord, de Washington ensuite. Il convenait dès lors de décloisonner les frontières et d'élargir les horizons pour offrir la première histoire transnationale de la résistance en Europe occidentale. Pour ce faire, Olivier Wieviorka a étudié l'organisation puis l'action des forces clandestines et des gouvernements en exil de six pays occupés entre 1940 et 1945. En scrutant le rôle de la propagande, du sabotage et de la guérilla dans cet espace ouest-européen, il invite à reconsidérer sans tabou l'action de la résistance, ainsi que ses relations, tantôt cordiales, tantôt conflictuelles, avec les Alliés et les pouvoirs installés à Londres. Tout en mesurant la singularité de chaque pays, ce prisme original lui permet de pointer la communauté de destin qui unit cet ensemble appelé à être libéré par les troupes anglo-américaines. L'auteur lève également le voile sur l'importance des finances, de la logistique et de la planification des grands Alliés dans le développement des forces clandestines, une donnée largement occultée lors des libérations. Il interroge, in fine, l'efficacité de l'armée des ombres, donc de la guerre subversive, dans la chute du IIIe Reich.

World War (1939-1945) --- Propaganda.