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2023 (18)

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Book
Exponential inequalities : equality law in times of crisis
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780192872999 0192872990 Year: 2023 Publisher: New York (N.Y.): Oxford University Press,

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"This book is about the operation of equality and discrimination law in times of crisis. It aims to understand: (i) how existing inequalities are exacerbated in crises; and (ii) whether equality law has tools to understand and address this contingency. Experience during the Covid-19 crisis shows that the pandemic has acted as a catalyst for 'exponential inequalities' related to racism, xenophobia, sexism, homophobia, transphobia, ageism, ableism etc, but the field of equality law - which is meant to address such discrimination or inequality - has had little of immediate relevance in mitigating these exponential inequalities. This is despite the fact that countries like the UK have a rather recent and state-of-the-art legislation in the field, viz. the Equality Act 2010. Thus, equality law seems to be going through a crisis of its own. This book brings together contributions from leading experts in the field, revealing the crisis in equality law through the study of the operation of equality law during crises. The chapters are drawn from a range of interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives and illuminate the structural and conceptual, as well as, the practical and doctrinal difficulties in equality law in addressing exponential inequalities in hard times. The book ultimately aims to propose constructive possibilities from within the extant normative and doctrinal mores of equality law which can be productively harnessed to address exponential inequalities"--


Book
Equality before the law : equal dignity, wrongful discrimination, and the rule of law
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ISBN: 9781509964956 1509964959 1509964967 1509964975 Year: 2023 Publisher: London : Hart Publishing, Bloomsbury Publishing (UK),

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This book presents a defence of the value of equality within law which is neither purely formal nor an entirely speculative theory of justice. It does this by combining a theoretical with a doctrinal project. At the theoretical level, it argues that there is a distinct and meaningful conception of equality before the law which can be separated from concerns of distributive justice. It therefore rejects the claim that legal equality is merely formal. Rather, it is grounded in the equal moral status of all legal subjects. The demand that individuals be treated in accordance with the principle of equality before the law, then, requires that they not be treated in ways that would deny their equal moral standing. This principle of moral equality is the fundamental normative basis of the rule of law. This general claim is applied, in the second half of the book, to antidiscrimination law. It is argued here that the wrong of wrongful discrimination consists in implicit or explicit denial of the equal moral status of legal subjects. This is also a core wrong that the common law seeks to remedy via judicial review and is thus intimately tied to legality itself. In the final chapter, these two strands are brought together to defend the idea that law is a public asset which must be directed towards advancing the best interests of those it governs. This kind of equality principle, one which sets the outermost limits of the use of public power, must look beyond individual rights claims. It manifests a fundamental commitment to substantive equality - manifest in a commitment to collective flourishing - without tying it to group-based distributive concerns which arise from distinct social and historical contexts and require the exercise of political authority to choose among a range of plausible options for their resolution.

Redefining equality
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0585364842 1280470259 142375980X 0195353773 160256227X 9781423759805 9780585364841 019511664X 0195116658 9781602562271 9780195116649 9780195116656 0195116658 9781280470257 9786610470259 6610470251 0197720323 Year: 2023 Publisher: New York : Oxford University Press,

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Book
From formal to material equality : comparative perspectives from history, plurality of disciplines, and theory
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9781839702778 183970277X 9781839703461 Year: 2023 Publisher: Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Antwerp ; Chicago : Intersentia,

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"This book explores issues from general equality to equality also in personal status, hence also anti-discrimination, and the change from formal to material concepts of equality - in time and in theoretical approaches. In time, it describes firstly how the equality of indigenous people in Latin America was originally developed as a postulate on the basis of the Bible (all men are similar to God) and from that also as a postulate of equality in law. It further describes how this postulate became a rule of natural law and then a powerful political value, also for the masses and daily reality, in the French Revolution (and in the US), then as posited law. In the theory and history of philosophical thought, two questions are discussed in particular. The first is how and whether 'more material protection' cannot only be conceived for freedom at all, but as well for equality, even if it is so contingent in times and diverse societies ('what is equal')? The second is whether (beyond personal status) an absolute equality right exists nowadays, namely absolutely equal dignity for human beings? This discussion is followed by how to integrate equality into economics, so targeted towards differentiation in all matters, and efficiency of selection. It is further followed by how sociology's prime quest nowadays might well be the very core of the question: the search for more material protection, namely against systemic discriminations, and such a search even in the toughest contexts such as digitalization"--Publisher's description.


Book
Trade policy and gender equality
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 1009363719 1009363700 Year: 2023 Publisher: Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press,

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Trade policies create both 'winners' and 'losers', as some actors stand to benefit and others are left behind. More often than not, it has been women who have borne the negative impacts of international trade policy and it is thus imperative that future trade policy is negotiated and implemented with an eye toward women's interests. This collection represents an innovative systematic evaluation of the debate relating to international trade law, policy, and gender equality. It analyses the role of WTO as a trade policy setter, current debates and possibilities for gender-inclusive trade agreements and emerging topics such as e-commerce and gender-responsive standards. With a range of interdisciplinary contributions and national and regional case studies, this collection offers a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the intersections between trade law and gender, and is vital to ensuring that both men and women 'win' from trade policy in the future. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.


Book
Les inégalités et leurs manifestations en droit international et européen : actes de la journée d'étude du 3 juin 2021

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Inégalité. La notion peut sembler à la fois commune et fuyante, le phénomène peut sembler objectivé, puisque quantifiable, mais subjectif selon la perception de chacun (peut-être elle-même socialement déterminée). Pourtant, un constat s'impose : les inégalités sont partout, protéiformes (de revenu, d'accès au droit, d'accès aux services de base, à l'éducation, à la reconnaissance...) et multifactorielles (liées au genre, à l'origine sociale, à la résidence, intersectionnelles, etc.) ; elles se laissent mesurer et comparer au plan national, européen et international ; elles peuvent être freinées, simplement permises, ou favorisées voire amplifiées, objectivement ou par suite d'un calcul assumé, par les institutions juridiques internationales et européennes. Egalité, disparités, inégalités, discriminations... Comment ces notions sont-elles construites et définies en droit international et européen, dans leurs deux dimensions, publique comme privée ? Comment s'opère le passage de l'une à l'autre et des notions ou des principes politiques aux principes de droit ? Comment expliquer et peut-être corriger des constructions qui, sous le fronton du principe d'égalité, organisent et codifient des inégalités ou les ignorent et les rejettent dans un autre ordre juridique ? Le présent ouvrage, issu d'une Journée d'étude du Département de droit international et européen de l'Ecole de droit de la Sorbonne, regroupe les contributions originales de doctorants en droit international public, privé et européen sur les concepts et les principes, les inégalités dans les relations entre Etats, les inégalités dans les pratiques institutionnelles et juridictionnelles et les vulnérabilités dans la pratique juridique


Book
India's communal constitution : law, religion, and the making of a people
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ISBN: 1009317725 1009317741 100931775X Year: 2023 Publisher: Cambridge University Press

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"This book speaks to debates on law, constitutionalism and the contested terrain of political identity in modern India. Set against the overwhelmingly liberal design of the Indian Constitution, the book demonstrates a tendency in the Constitution and its practice to identify the Indian people in parochial and communal terms. This tendency is identified as India's Communal Constitution and its imprint on contemporary constitutional practice is illustrated by drawing on the constitutional practice as it addresses religious freedom, personal law, minority rights and the identification of caste groups. Thus, casting the Constitution and its practice as a field of contest, the aspiration to define the Indian people as a community of individual citizens is brought face to face with its antagonists. The most significant of these antagonists is the tendency to cast the Indian people as a collection of communities which this book examines and details as India's Communal Constitution"--


Book
Préférences et discriminations : réflexions sur la liberté et ses espaces persistants
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9782370323927 2370323922 Year: 2023 Publisher: Bayonne : Institut Francophone pour la Justice et la Démocratie,

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L'exigence de non-discrimination a progressivement conquis différents espaces où se déploient les activités humaines. Ceux qui furent longtemps gouvernés par l'intuitu personae, la volonté individuelle et le libre choix semblent désormais régulés par des impératifs égalitaires. À tel point qu'une interrogation émerge : quels sont les espaces où la liberté, y compris la liberté d'exclure, persiste? Toute préférence n'est-elle finalement qu'une discrimination en puissance? Le droit de la non-discrimination est-il si liberticide que ses détracteurs le prétendent? Actant l'indétermination des frontières du droit de la non-discrimination lesquelles n'ont pas toujours été pensées de manière explicite et cohérente, les auteurs de ce volume proposent une analyse de ce droit par ses marges. Sans prétendre dresser une cartographie complète et parfaitement lisse, ils entendent apporter un éclairage sur certaines zones grises, interrogeant tour à tour légalité et légitimité pour esquisser ce qui relève de la prégérence ou de la discrimination. La démarche s'avère délicate pour de nombreux actes envisagés : léguer davantage à son fils qu'à sa fille, boycotter tel produit en raison de son lieu de fabrication, inscrire prioritairement les enfants de telle religion dans une école confessionnelle, se réunir en non-mixité choisie dans un cadre associatif, constituer un syndicat corse, une copropritété LGBTQ+, choisir un donneur en fonction de son genre... L'appréhension juridique de ces différents choix met au jour d'une manière particulièrement éclatante la tension qui existe entre, d'une part, la non-discrimination et, de l'autre, la liberté sous ses diverses déclinaisons (liberté de disposes de ses biens, liberté de conscience, liberté d'expression, liberté religieuse, liberté d'association, liberté syndicale, liberté contractuelle...). En définitive, plus qu'une application sans concession de la non-discrimination, les analyses révèlent des dynamiques complexes et multiples. Si l'exigence de non-discrimination peut parfois sembler radicale, elle s'efface régulièrement en raison de la spécificité des espaces étudiés. Elle est le plus souvent conciliée avec le libre choix pour préserver dans une large part ce dernier. Elle est encore, dans certains cas, assise sur l'exercice même d'une liberté individuelle ou collective qui, loin de lui être opposée, se mue en un vecteur privilégié de son expression.


Book
Equality within Our Lifetimes : How Laws and Policies Can Close—or Widen—Gender Gaps in Economies Worldwide
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9780520392304 Year: 2023 Publisher: Berkeley, CA : University of California Press,

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A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press’s Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. Well into the twenty-first century, achieving gender equality in the economy remains unfinished business. Worldwide, women’s employment, income, and leadership opportunities lag men’s. Building and using a one-of-a-kind database that covers 193 countries, this book systematically analyzes how far we’ve come and how far we have to go in adopting evidence-based solutions to close the gaps. Spanning topics including girls’ education, employment discrimination of all kinds, sexual harassment, and caregiving needs across the life course, the authors bring the findings to life through global maps, stories of laws’ impact in courts and beyond, and case studies of making change. A powerful call to action, Equality within Our Lifetimes reveals how gender equality is both feasible and urgently needed to address some of the greatest challenges of our generation.


Book
Le viol redéfini : vers l'égalité, contre le consentement
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ISBN: 9782080435170 2080435175 2080435175 Year: 2023 Publisher: [Paris]: Flammarion-Climats,

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Lorsque l’on parle de violences sexuelles, la notion de consentement est partout. De nombreux pays l’ont même intégrée dans la loi : un viol y est alors avant tout défini comme un acte sexuel auquel la victime « n’a pas consenti ». Pour la juriste américaine Catharine A. MacKinnon, ce concept est inopérant, voire hors sujet dans un monde traversé par l’inégalité de genre. Est-on réellement libre de dire « oui » ou « non » lorsqu’il existe des rapports sociaux de domination et de subordination fondés sur le sexe ?En France, le sujet est sur la table : de Vanessa Springora à Adèle Haenel, nombreuses sont les femmes qui prennent la parole afin de mettre en lumière les limites du consentement pour caractériser les violences sexuelles.Se fondant sur une analyse approfondie et comparée de la jurisprudence française, américaine et internationale, MacKinnon propose un changement de perspective. Plus qu’un acte sexuel non consensuel, le viol doit être considéré comme un crime d’inégalité de genre lorsque cette inégalité – souvent ajoutée à la race, à l’âge et à d’autres inégalités de statut social – est utilisée comme moyen de coercition. Intégrer l’inégalité en tant que source de contrainte dans la définition juridique du viol, plutôt que d’exiger des preuves qu’un acte sexuel soit non consensuel, voilà le projet de ce livre ambitieux, qui propose une réforme du Code pénal et ouvre la voie à une utilisation plus efficace et à une meilleure prise en compte des inégalités dans la loi – premier pas indispensable pour aboutir à une véritable liberté sexuelle.

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