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The electoral college is the extraordinarily complex mechanism by which Americans choose their president. Is there any justification for such a system, which may elect the candidate who does not receive the most votes? Today, with two of the last five presidential elections having gone to the popular vote loser and the debacle following the 2020 election, the electoral college's flaws are more apparent than ever. In this fourth edition of the definitive book on the electoral college, George Edwards employs rigorous analysis and systemic data to show how the system violates core democratic principles and does not provide the benefits its advocates claim. With a new chapter focusing on the 2020 election, Edwards addresses justifications for the electoral college that were popular among Trump supporters following the 2016 and 2020 elections. Edwards concludes by offering a straightforward approach to selecting the president that maximizes political equality.

Electoral college --- Presidents --- Election.

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Legislative bodies --- Presidents --- Prime ministers --- Separation of powers --- History

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This indispensable work traces impeachment from its bloody origins in medieval England, to its adoption in the Constitution, and through 250 years of American experience culminating in the two impeachments of Donald Trump. Frank O. Bowman III tells the stories, human and political, of nobles, commoners, colonists, judges, legislators, cabinet officers, and Presidents who have faced impeachment. He demonstrates that the practice was designed to be a flexible tool, informed by history, and adaptable to the needs of any age. The first edition was read by Democrats and Republicans and cited extensively by the advocates in both Trump impeachments. In this second edition, Bowman expands the first edition's deep historical and constitutional analysis. He also draws on his involvement in both Trump impeachments as a congressional consultant and frequent commentator, to assess Trump's aberrant presidency, his impeachments, and whether impeachment remains a useful tool against an overreaching president.

Impeachments --- Presidents --- History. --- Discipline. --- Johnson, Andrew, --- Nixon, Richard M. --- Clinton, Bill, --- Trump, Donald, --- Impeachment.

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L'influence des partis politiques sur le fonctionnement des systèmes politiques a été largement soulignée. Mais on a moins insisté sur l’influence inverse : celle des systèmes politiques sur les partis. C’est ainsi que dans les systèmes présidentiels ou semi-présidentiels, les partis politiques sont profondément influencés par le rôle central de l’élection du président au suffrage universel direct ou indirect et par un processus de personnalisation du pouvoir. Il est donc important de mettre l’accent plus précisément sur les relations entre le président et son parti avant et après les élections. Pour mesurer l’autonomie laissée au parti présidentiel à partir d’une approche comparative, 42 partis dans 25 pays dotés d’un système présidentiel ou semi-présidentiel ont été choisis, ce qui permet de souligner les différences des caractéristiques de partis entre les systèmes démocratiques et les systèmes autoritaires.

Political parties --- Political leadership --- Presidents --- Heads of state --- Party affiliation --- Executive power --- Comparative government