TY - BOOK ID - 30663390 TI - Theory and evidence : the development of scientific reasoning PY - 1996 SN - 0585002894 0262277476 0262112094 0262512793 9780585002897 9780262112093 9780262512794 9780262277471 PB - Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, DB - UniCat KW - Reasoning KW - Science KW - Thinking KW - Philosophy KW - Humanities KW - Mental Processes KW - Natural Science Disciplines KW - Disciplines and Occupations KW - Psychological Phenomena and Processes KW - Psychiatry and Psychology KW - Sciences - General KW - Physical Sciences & Mathematics KW - Psychologic Processes and Principles KW - Natural Sciences KW - Physical Sciences KW - Discipline, Natural Science KW - Disciplines, Natural Science KW - Natural Science KW - Natural Science Discipline KW - Physical Science KW - Science, Natural KW - Science, Physical KW - Sciences, Natural KW - Sciences, Physical KW - Human Information Processing KW - Information Processing, Human KW - Philosophical Overview KW - Hedonism KW - Stoicism KW - Overview, Philosophical KW - Overviews, Philosophical KW - Philosophical Overviews KW - Philosophies KW - Critical Thinking KW - Thinking Skills KW - Thinking Skill KW - Thinking, Critical KW - Sciences KW - Natural science KW - Science of science KW - Argumentation KW - Ratiocination KW - Psychologic Processes KW - Psychological Processes KW - Phenomena, Psychological KW - Processes, Psychologic KW - Processes, Psychological KW - Psychological Phenomenas KW - Psychological Processe KW - Pharmacy Philosophy KW - Pharmacy Philosophies KW - Philosophies, Pharmacy KW - Philosophy, Pharmacy KW - Thought KW - Thoughts KW - Reason KW - Thought and thinking KW - Judgment (Logic) KW - Logic KW - Reasoning. KW - Philosophy. KW - COGNITIVE SCIENCES/General KW - COGNITIVE SCIENCES/Psychology/Cognitive Psychology KW - Normal science KW - Philosophy of science UR - https://www.unicat.be/uniCat?func=search&query=sysid:30663390 AB - In Theory and Evidence Barbara Koslowski, long acknowledged for her empirical work in the field of cognitive-developmental research, brings into sharp focus the ways in which the standard literature both distorts and under-estimates the reasoning abilities of ordinary people. She provides the basis of a new research program for a more complete characterization of scientific reasoning, problem solving, and causality. Koslowski boldly criticizes many of the currently classic studies and musters a compelling set of arguments, backed by an exhaustive set of experiments carried out during the last decade. Theory and Evidence describes research that looks at the beliefs that people hold about the type of evidence that counts in scientific reasoning and also examines how those beliefs change with age. The primary focus is on the strategies that underlie actual scientific practice. Two general sorts of research are reported - one on hypothesis testing and the other on hypothesis revision (how people deal with evidence that disconfirms a given explanation). Koslowski argues that when scientific reasoning is operationally defined so that correct performance consists of focusing on covariation and ignoring considerations of theory or mechanisms, then subjects are often treated as engaging in flawed reasoning when, in fact, their reasoning is scientifically legitimate. Neither relying on covariation alone nor relying on theory alone constitutes a formula for success. ER -