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"The four parts of which this work consists, though intimately related to each other as different views of the same great aggregate of phenomena, are yet, in the main, severally independent and complete in themselves. A brief characterization of each part, will enable everyone to decide for himself which he may best commence with The General Analysis of which the essential portion was originally published in the Westminster Review for October, 1853, under the title of "The Universal Postulate, " and reappears here with additional arguments and explanations is an inquiry concerning the basis of our intelligence. Its object is to ascertain the fundamental peculiarity of all modes of consciousness constituting knowledge proper-knowledge of the highest validity. The Special Analysis has for its aim, to resolve each species of cognition into its components. Commencing with the most involved ones, it seeks by successive decompositions to reduce cognitions of every order to those of the simplest kind; and so, finally to make apparent the common nature of all thought, and disclose its ultimate constituents. While these analytical parts deal with the phenomena of intelligence subjectively, and, as a necessary consequence, are confined to human intelligence; the synthetical parts deal with the phenomena of intelligence objectively, and so include not human intelligence, only, but intelligence under every form"--Préface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
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Vous arrive-t-il de téléphoner au volant alors que vous savez pertinemment que cela est interdit et dangereux ? Et pourtant, cela ne vous retient pas d'utiliser votre mobile lorsque vous conduisez… En d'autres termes, l'intelligence ne prémunit pas contre les décisions préjudiciables. On a ainsi tous en tête des exemples de personnes intelligentes ayant commis des actes particulièrement stupides, certaines ayant même ruiné leur santé ou leur carrière. Comment est-ce possible ? Pourquoi l'intelligence n'immunise-t-elle pas contre les décisions bêtes ou insensées ? Et pourquoi les gens très intelligents (HPI) ne réussissent-ils pas forcément mieux leur vie que d'autres moins bien lotis sur le plan de la réflexion ?Et si la stupidité n'était pas un manque d'intelligence, mais une manière originale de la mettre en œuvre ?
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"We live in what has been called the era of 'mass man, ' a time when people are thought of as statistical averages and not as individuals. Big government, big business, big organization in general, in dealing with vast numbers of people have come to rely more and more on mechanical methods. Without doubt the result is greater over-all efficiency, but in the process the individual is digested by an electronic brain. One of the things that has helped school administrators deal with some of the problems created by such large numbers of pupils is the IQ test. Its use in schools is part of the same trend of mechanically organizing 'mass man.' Although the results of this often have negative effects upon the individual child, the schools have little choice in this matter, given the conditions imposed upon them. Individual parents do have a choice, however, and it is the purpose of this book to make them aware of why and how they can exercise this choice"--
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Some people are cleverer than others, but how and why do people differ in their thinking powers? Drawing on the latest psychological data Ian Deary considers some of our most burning questions about intelligence, such as how genes, environment, age, or gender can affect our intelligence. He also asks whether intelligence is increasing.
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