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504 --- 629.4 --- Academic collection --- Environment. Environmental science --- Rail vehicle engineering. Locomotives. Rolling stock. Railway yards. Installations and services concerned with rolling stock --- 629.4 Rail vehicle engineering. Locomotives. Rolling stock. Railway yards. Installations and services concerned with rolling stock --- 504 Environment. Environmental science --- Locomotives --- Product life cycle --- Railroads --- Iron horses (Railroads) --- Lines, Railroad --- Rail industry --- Rail lines --- Rail transportation --- Railroad industry --- Railroad lines --- Railroad transportation --- Railway industry --- Railways --- Communication and traffic --- Concessions --- Public utilities --- Transportation --- Trusts, Industrial --- Life cycle, Product --- Manufactures --- Marketing --- Product management --- Design and construction --- Energy conservation --- Life cycle --- Construction --- Chemins de fer --- Transports ferroviaires --- Voitures --- Aspect de l'environnement

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Accuracy is important in today’s production industry. Products are designed and developed to minimize waste and optimize production rate. Objects should be checked during - or after - production for discontinuities and defects. Production methods are reaching higher levels of accuracy and this is accompanied by the same trend for measuring equipment. Developments in these measuring techniques lead to new technologies in the three methods of measuring. The most common techniques are laser line scanning (fastest, least accurate), touch-trigger probing (slowest, most accurate) and continuous scanning probing (intermediate speed, high accuracy). All these techniques can be used on a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). This thesis aims to investigate the accuracy and speed of an SP25M (continuous scanning and touch-trigger) probe designed by Renishaw. The performance of this probe is investigated in combination with a touch-trigger probe (TP200, Renishaw) to establish a baseline for comparison. The TP200 probe is chosen because of the strong homogeneity in probing technology and accuracy. The SP25M should top the TP200 in speed, without falling behind on accuracy. An extensive verification procedure to determine whether the produced results are trustworthy is applied. The method used to verify the probes and different techniques is based on official ISO standards (ISO 10360) for CMMs. First, the probing system itself is tested according to ISO 10360-5. The TP200 passes these tests, however the SP25M fails in certain orientations. These failures were investigated and are expected to originate from either software problems or the connection of the stylus itself. Second, the CMM is tested for linear measurements (ISO 10360-2). These tests deduct whether the CMM is accurate enough in different orientations and configurations, which is the case for both probes. To conclude, the CMM is tested for scanning measurements (ISO 10360-4). Here only the SP25M can be tested, because the TP200 does not operate in scanning modus. It is concluded that the SP25M passes the final tests. A calibrated ring is the subject of a case study to quantify the potential of scanning probes. Results showed that scanning is both quicker and more accurate (by compar- ing average and variance). Multiple tests with different scanning and measurement speeds, sampling frequencies and scan paths were done. Scanning speed proved to be important for accurate results. Higher speeds make the result less accurate. The influence of the sampling frequency or drag distance is not significant as long as it is kept under 1 mm between each sampling point. The scan path also influences the results. A helical path should be avoided.

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De automatische inspectie van een werkstuk bestaat uit het opmeten en controleren van de ontwerpspecificaties van dit werkstuk. Dit wordt vaak gedaan met een coördinatenmeetmachine waarop verschillende sensoren gebruikt kunnen worden. Een tactiele probe en een optische laserlijnscanner worden in deze thesis beschouwd. Beide sensoren hebben elk hun voor- en nadelen waardoor ze een specifiek toepassingsgebied hebben. In deze masterproef wordt een methode voor automatische sensorselectie voorgesteld die de voordelen van elke sensor benut. De sensorselectie is in staat om voor elk te controleren feature van het werkstuk de optimale sensor te bepalen. Ook wordt een studie naar de repeteerbaarheid van een sensorwissel uitgevoerd. Uit deze studie kan besloten worden dat bij een sensorwissel de standaarddeviatie op de metingen verhoogt, maar dat er geen directe invloed is op de gemiddelde fout die de coördinatenmeetmachine maakt. In een laatste deel wordt de sensorselectie voor een welbepaald feature, namelijk een slot-feature, tot in detail uitgewerkt. De invloed van de scanhoeken op het meetresultaat wordt onderzocht en de optimale scanhoeken worden experimenteel bepaald. Tot slot wordt het criterium voor dit feature, dat beslist welke sensor gebruikt moet worden, vastgelegd.