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From about 5500 cal BC to soon after 5000 cal BC, the lifeways of the first farmers of central Europe, the LBK culture (Linearbandkeramik), are seen in distinctive practices of longhouse use, settlement forms, landscape choice, subsistence, material culture and mortuary rites. Within the five or more centuries of LBK existence a dynamic sequence of changes can be seen in, for instance, the expansion and increasing density of settlement, progressive regionalisation in pottery decoration, and at the end some signs of stress or even localised crisis. Although showing many features in common across its very broad distribution, however, the LBK phenomenon was not everywhere the same, and there is a complicated mixture of uniformity and diversity. This major study takes a strikingly large regional sample, from northern Hungary westwards along the Danube to Alsace in the upper Rhine valley, and addresses the question of the extent of diversity in the lifeways of developed and late LBK communities, through a wide-ranging study of diet, lifetime mobility, health and physical condition, the presentation of the bodies of the deceased in mortuary ritual. It uses an innovative combination of isotopic (principally carbon, nitrogen and strontium, with some oxygen), osteological and archaeological analysis to address difference and change across the LBK, and to reflect on cultural change in general.

Bandkeramik culture --- Agriculture, Prehistoric --- Land settlement patterns, Prehistoric --- Social archaeology --- Human remains (Archaeology) --- Europe, Central --- Antiquities.

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It is just over forty years since the start of the excavations of the Ascott-under-Wychwood long barrow (1965-69) under the direction of Don Benson. The excavations belonged to the latter part of a great period of barrow digging in southern Britain, which was ending just as, by striking contrast, intensified investigation and fieldwork at causewayed enclosures were beginning. Although a long gap has passed since the excavations took place, they have nonetheless produced a rich and important set of results, and the analysis has been enhanced by more recent techniques. The site now joins Burn Ground and Hazleton North as one of only three Cotswold long barrows or cairns to have been more or less fully excavated. The authors of this report not only document the finds and research, but also address wider questions of how the early Neolithic inhabitants viewed their society through the barrow, and how the development of the site reflected memory and interaction with a changing world.

Neolithic period --- Mounds --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Cotswold Hills (England) --- Antiquities. --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Barrows --- Tumuli --- Landforms --- Tombs --- New Stone age --- Stone age --- Cotswolds (England) --- Ascott-Under-Wychwood Long Barrow Site (England)

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"A current paradigm-changing aDNA revolution is offering unparalleled insights into central questions within archaeology relating to the movement of populations and individuals; patterns of descent; relationships; and aspects of identity - at many scales and of many different kinds. The impact of recent aDNA results can be seen particularly clearly in studies of European Neolithic populations, the subject of contributions presented in this volume. This has all helped to reset the terms in which we must now consider movements and mixtures of people both at the start of the Neolithic and at its end, and complex questions of identities and relationships. If the terms of archaeological debate have been permanently altered, this has left many issues in its wake. This volume stems from the online day conference of the Neolithic Studies Group held in November 2021, which aimed to bring geneticists and archaeologists together in the same forum, and in the second place to enable critical but constructive inter-disciplinary debate about key issues arising from the application of advanced aDNA analysis to the study of the European Neolithic and Chalcolithic. The resulting papers gathered here are by both geneticists and archaeologists. Overall, they offer wide-ranging reflections on the progress of aDNA studies, and on their future reach and character, and a series of significant, up-to-date, period and regional syntheses of various manifestations of the Neolithic across the Near East and Europe, including particularly Britain and Ireland. Chronological coverage in some papers extends into the Chalcolithic or Copper Age"--

ADN --- DNA --- DNA. --- Génétique des populations humaines. --- Human population genetics. --- Human population genetics. --- Neolithic period --- Neolithic period. --- Paleobiology. --- Paleobiology. --- Paléobiologie. --- Prehistoric peoples --- Prehistoric peoples. --- Histoire. --- History. --- Europe.

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