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The Rwandan genocide has become a touchstone for debates about the causes of mass violence and the responsibilities of the international community. Yet a number of key questions about this tragedy remain unanswered: How did the violence spread from community to community and so rapidly engulf the nation? Why did individuals make decisions that led them to take up machetes against their neighbors? And what was the logic that drove the campaign of extermination?According to Scott Straus, a social scientist and former journalist in East Africa for several years (who received a Pulitzer Prize nomination for his reporting for the Houston Chronicle), many of the widely held beliefs about the causes and course of genocide in Rwanda are incomplete. They focus largely on the actions of the ruling elite or the inaction of the international community. Considerably less is known about how and why elite decisions became widespread exterminatory violence.Challenging the prevailing wisdom, Straus provides substantial new evidence about local patterns of violence, using original research-including the most comprehensive surveys yet undertaken among convicted perpetrators-to assess competing theories about the causes and dynamics of the genocide. Current interpretations stress three main causes for the genocide: ethnic identity, ideology, and mass-media indoctrination (in particular the influence of hate radio). Straus's research does not deny the importance of ethnicity, but he finds that it operated more as a background condition. Instead, Straus emphasizes fear and intra-ethnic intimidation as the primary drivers of the violence. A defensive civil war and the assassination of a president created a feeling of acute insecurity. Rwanda's unusually effective state was also central, as was the country's geography and population density, which limited the number of exit options for both victims and perpetrators.In conclusion, Straus steps back from the particulars of the Rwandan genocide to offer a new, dynamic model for understanding other instances of genocide in recent history-the Holocaust, Armenia, Cambodia, the Balkans-and assessing the future likelihood of such events.

Polemology --- Rwanda --- Genocide --- History --- Atrocities --- Ethnic relations. --- Génocide --- Atrocities. --- Histoire --- Atrocités --- Relations interethniques --- 840 Samenleving en staat --- 855.3 Genocide --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika --- HISTORY --- Africa / Central --- History & Archaeology --- Regions & Countries - Africa

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835 Natuurlijke rijkdommen --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika --- Internal security --- Mines and mineral resources --- Deposits, Mineral --- Mineral deposits --- Mineral resources --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- Security, Internal --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- History. --- Natural resources --- Geology, Economic --- Minerals --- Insurgency --- Subversive activities

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Africa, West --- Politics and government --- Rural conditions --- 841.1 Democratisering --- 841.3 Politieke bewegingen --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika --- 881.5 West-Afrika --- Africa, Western --- West Africa --- Western Africa --- Rural conditions. --- Africa, West - Politics and government - 1960 --- -Africa, West - Rural conditions

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Description by a Belgian journalist on a trip to Zaire, the former Belgian Congo and how the country has changed since the colonial time.

081122.jpg --- Zaïre reisbeschrijvingen --- Joris, Lieve, --- Journeys --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Description and travel. --- Descriptions et voyages --- 815 Geschiedenis --- 826 Imperialisme, Kolonialisme --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika --- 884.4 West-Europa --- 890 Verhalende literatuur --- Zaïre ; reisbeschrijvingen

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#SBIB:327.4H74 --- 339.96 --- 825 Ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- 830 Economie --- 881 Afrika --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika --- 881.3 Noord-Afrika --- 883 Azië --- 883.3 Zuidoost-Azië --- 884.4 West-Europa --- 339.96 Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Ontwikkelingshulp en -samenwerking --- Development aid. Development cooperation --- Belgium --- ontwikkelingshulp --- Economic assistance, Belgian - Developing countries --- Belgium - Foreign economic relations - Developing countries --- Aide économique belge --- Economic assistance, Belgian